GLUCOSE METAB Flashcards
(37 cards)
breakdown products from carbohydrate digestion
glucose, galactose, and fructose
Six-carbon stage of Glycolysis
Step 1-3
end product of glycolysis, can leave the cytosol, cross the two mitochondrial membranes, and enter
the mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate
branched polymeric form of glucose, is the storage form of carbohydrates in humans and animals
Glycogen
metabolic pathway by which glucose 6-
phosphate is produced from glycogen
Glycogenolysis
a biochemical
process by which NADH is oxidized to NAD+ without the need for oxygen
Fermentation
found primarily in muscle and liver tissue
Glycogen
it does not require UTP or UDP molecules
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is a two-step process
1) Phosphorolysis
2) Isomerization
starting material for glycolysis with the net gain of two molecules
free glucose
energy-consuming stage
Six-carbon stage of Glycolysis (Step 1-3)
free glucose is the starting material for glycolysis with the net gain of
two molecules
an enzyme that
requires Mg2+
ion for its activity
Hexokinase
metabolic pathway by which glycogen is synthesized from
glucose 6-phosphate
Glycogenesis
Two fermentation processes
lactate fermentation and ethanol fermentation
the enzymatic anaerobic reduction of
pyruvate to lactate
Lactate fermentation
involves three reactions (steps)
1) Isomerization: Formation of Glucose 1-phosphate
2) Activation: Formation of UDP-glucose
3) Linkage to Chain
starting material for glycolysis which results in net gain in ATP is three molecules
glycogen
energy-generating stage
Three-Carbon Stage of Glycolysis (Steps 4–10)
metabolic pathway by which glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate materials
Gluconeogenesis
sole purpose of this process is the conversion
of NADH to NAD+
Lactate Fermentation
activated carrier of glucose in glycogen synthesis glycogenesis
Glucose-UDP
Gluconeogenesis has a
net expenditure of
4 ATP and 2 GTP
When glycogen rather is the starting material for glycolysis, the net gain in ATP is
three molecules
