Glumerulonephritis

Question 1

What are the key features of Minimal Change Disease?

Answer 1

Presentation: Nephrotic<br></br>Biopsy: Normal LM, foot process effacement on EM<br></br>IF: Negative<br></br>Associated: Lymphoma, NSAIDs, URTI<br></br>Prognosis: Excellent with steroids

Question 2

What are the key features of FSGS?

Answer 2

Presentation: Nephrotic<br></br>Biopsy: Segmental sclerosis<br></br>IF: Focal IgM, C3<br></br>Associated: HIV, heroin, obesity<br></br>Prognosis: Poor response to steroids

Question 3

What are the key features of Membranous Nephropathy?

Answer 3

Presentation: Nephrotic<br></br>Biopsy: Thickened GBM, ‘spike and dome’<br></br>IF: Granular IgG, C3<br></br>Associated: Anti-PLA2R, SLE, infections, drugs<br></br>Prognosis: Variable

Question 4

What are the key features of Post-Strep GN?

Answer 4

Presentation: Nephritic<br></br>Biopsy: Hypercellular glomeruli, subepithelial humps<br></br>IF: Granular IgG, IgM, C3<br></br>Associated: Recent strep infection<br></br>Prognosis: Good in children

Question 5

What are the key features of IgA Nephropathy?

Answer 5

Presentation: Nephritic ± Nephrotic<br></br>Biopsy: Mesangial proliferation<br></br>IF: Mesangial IgA, C3<br></br>Associated: Post-URI, HSP<br></br>Prognosis: Variable

Question 6

What are the key features of MPGN?

Answer 6

Presentation: Mixed<br></br>Biopsy: Mesangial hypercellularity, GBM splitting<br></br>IF: Type I - IgG, C3; Type II - C3 only<br></br>Associated: HCV, complement disorders<br></br>Prognosis: Poor

Question 7

What are the key features of RPGN - Type I (Anti-GBM)?

Answer 7

Presentation: Rapid nephritic<br></br>Biopsy: Crescents<br></br>IF: Linear IgG<br></br>Associated: Goodpasture’s<br></br>Prognosis: Poor without plasmapheresis

Question 8

What are the key features of RPGN - Type II (Immune complex)?

Answer 8

Presentation: Rapid nephritic<br></br>Biopsy: Crescents<br></br>IF: Granular<br></br>Associated: PSGN, SLE, IgA nephropathy<br></br>Prognosis: Variable

Question 9

What are the key features of RPGN - Type III (Pauci-immune)?

Answer 9

Presentation: Rapid nephritic<br></br>Biopsy: Crescents<br></br>IF: Negative<br></br>Associated: ANCA vasculitis<br></br>Prognosis: Poor without treatment

Question 10

What are the key features of Lupus Nephritis?

Answer 10

Presentation: Mixed<br></br>Biopsy: Class I–VI (IV is worst)<br></br>IF: Full house (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C1q)<br></br>Associated: SLE<br></br>Prognosis: Depends on class

Question 11

What are the key features of Alport Syndrome?

Answer 11

Presentation: Nephritic<br></br>Biopsy: Basket-weave GBM<br></br>IF: Negative<br></br>Associated: Sensorineural deafness<br></br>Prognosis: Progressive

Question 12

What are the key features of Thin Basement Membrane Disease?

Answer 12

Presentation: Isolated hematuria<br></br>Biopsy: Thin GBM on EM<br></br>IF: Negative<br></br>Associated: Familial<br></br>Prognosis: Benign