Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh & Popliteal Fossa; Hip & Knee Joint

Question 1

Inguinal Ligament

Answer 1

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 2

Roughed pit in femur head & ligament it holds

Answer 2

Fovea - ligamentum teres

Question 3

Adductor tubercle

Answer 3

Femur - posterosuperior to medial epicondyle

Question 4

Gerdy’s tubercle

Answer 4

Tibia - boney projection on lateral condyle

- gives attachment to the IT band

Question 5

Function of labrum

Answer 5

fibrocartilaginous rim

• attached to margin of acetabulum to make it deeper
• helps inh olding the head of the femur in position

Question 6

3 capsular ligaments around hip joint

+ round ligament that attaches to head of femur @ fovea - function!

Answer 6

iliofemoral ligament - anterior
pubofemoral ligament - anterior
ischiofemoral ligament - posterior

ligamentum teres femoris - transmits arteries to head of femur

Question 7

Components of knee joint

Answer 7

femoropatellar component

femorotibial components x 2 (M & L)

Question 8

Lateral collateral ligament

- attachments, function

Answer 8

Fibular collateral ligament

• lateral epicondyle of femur -> head of fibula
• maintain side-to-side stability of joint
• bursa between this ligament & joint capsule

lateral meniscus -> synovial membrane -> popliteus tendon -> joint capsule -> bursa -> fibular collateral ligament

Question 9

Medial collateral ligament

- attachments, function

Answer 9

Tibial collateral ligament

• medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of shaft of tibia
• maintain side-to-side stability of joint

Question 10

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Answer 10

anterior part of intercondylar area of tibia -> lateral condyle of femur
- maintains anterior stability of knee joint

Question 11

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Answer 11

posterior part of intercondylar area of tibia -> medial condyle of femur
- maintains posterior stability of knee joint

Question 12

Medial meniscus

Answer 12

• semicircular

- peripheral margin adherent to deep part of tibial collateral ligament

Question 13

Lateral meniscus

Answer 13

• almost circular
• popliteus tendon, joint capsule & bursa separates the meniscus from fibular collateral ligament
• more mobile

Question 14

knee bursa

Answer 14

prepatellar busa
deep infrapatellar bursa
superficial infrapatella bursa

Question 15

Gluteal muscles - Superficial & Deep + others

Answer 15

Superficial: Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus
Deep: piriformis
Other: tensor fascia lata

Question 16

Gluteus maximus

Answer 16

Insertion: femur - posterior IT band & tensor fascia lata (upper fibers), gluteal tuberosity (lower)

• Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
• Inferior gluteal artery
• Hip extension

Question 17

Gluteus medius & minimus

Answer 17

Insertion: femur - greater trochanter

• Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
• Superior gluteal artery
• Hip abduction

Question 18

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 18

on upper lateral side of thigh

• Superior gluteal nerve (L5 - S2)
• medial rotation of hip
• IT band acts as its tendon

Question 19

Piriformis

Answer 19

Deep gluteal muscle

Insertion @ greater trochanter

• sacral plexus (branch)
• lateral rotation (of hip)

Question 20

Fascia Lata

Answer 20

Deep fascia of thigh - tough fibrous sheath that invests the entire thigh like a sleeve

• thickened laterally = iliotibial tract (IT band)
• IT band splits in upper region: invests the tensor fascia lata & acts as its tendon

Question 21

Posterior Thigh Muscles (Hamstrings)

Answer 21

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long & short head)

• sciatic nerve
• knee flexion

Question 22

Semimembranosus (medial)

- Hamstrings

Answer 22

@ medial tibial condyle

• sciatic nerve
• knee flexion + internal rotation

Question 23

Semitendinosus (medial)

- Hamstrings

Answer 23

@ medial tibial tuberosity

• sciatic nerve
• knee flexion + internal rotation

Question 24

Biceps Femoris (lateral)
- Hamstrings

Answer 24

@ head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

• long head & short head
• sciatic nerve
• knee flexion + external rotation

Question 25

Sciatic Nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)

Answer 25

Goes through the greater sciatic foramen -> enters gluteal region -> enters back of thigh @ lower border of gluteus maximus -> runs down to popliteal fossa - splits into tibial & common fibular nerve - innervates posterior thigh/hamstrings

Question 26

Sacral plexus (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, bit of S4) What are the 4 main components & muscles that they innervate?

Answer 26

- Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3) - hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris) - Superior gluteal nerve (L4 - S1) - gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fascia lata - Inferior gluteal nerve (L5 - S2) - gluteus maximus - nerve branches of deep gluteal muscles - piriformis muscle

Question 27

Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 27

enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen - passing ABOVE piriformis, with superior gluteal artery - supplies gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 28

Inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 28

enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen - passing BELOW piriformis, with inferior gluteal artery - supplies gluteus maximus

Question 29

Origin of superior & inferior gluteal arteries

Answer 29

Internal iliac artery

Question 30

arterial supply of posterior thigh

Answer 30

perforating branches of deep femoral artery | - from external iliac artery -> common femoral -> deep femoral

Question 31

3 branches of deep femoral artery

Answer 31

- medial femoral circumflex artery - lateral femoral circumflex artery - perforating branches (posterior thigh/hamstrings)

Question 32

origin of popliteal artery

Answer 32

superficial femoral artery | - external iliac artery -> common femoral -> superficial femoral

Question 33

Popliteal fossa contents

Answer 33

- popliteal artery & vein - tibial nerve - common fibular (peroneal) nerve - popliteal lymph nodes & fat From medial to lateral: A, V, N (x2)

Question 34

Innervation - Hip adduction

Answer 34

L2, L3

Question 35

Innervation - Hip abduction

Answer 35

L5, S1

Question 36

Innervation - Hip flexion

Answer 36

L2, L3

Question 37

Innervation - Hip extension

Answer 37

L5, S1

Question 38

Innervation - Knee extension

Answer 38

L3, L4

Question 39

Innervation - Knee flexion

Answer 39

L5, S1

Question 40

Innervation - foot inversion

Answer 40

L4, L5

Question 41

Innervation - foot eversion

Answer 41

L5, S1

Question 42

Innervation - dorsiflexion (ankle)

Answer 42

L4, L5

Question 43

Innervation - plantar flexion (ankle)

Answer 43

S1, S2

Question 44

L2, L3

Answer 44

Hip adduction, hip flexion

Question 45

L5, S1

Answer 45

Hip abduction, Hip extension Knee flexion Foot eversion

Question 46

L3, L4

Answer 46

Knee extension

Question 47

L4, L5

Answer 47

Foot inversion | Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 48

S1, S2

Answer 48

Ankle plantar flexion