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Anatomy Exam 3 > Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

In the embryo, the future pollex and hallux both face superiorly. What direction does each rotate to get to its current position?

A
  • Upper limb: lateral rotation

- Lower limb: medial rotation

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2
Q

In embryology, limb buds are outgrowths of what?

A

Body wall

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3
Q

Branches from what plexus give sensory dermatomes to the lower extremities? What region is excluded?

A
  • Branches of lumbosacral plexus (anterior rami)

- Superior/ medial buttock has different sensory dermatome

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4
Q

Sensory dermatomes of superior/medial buttock arise from what nerves?

A

posterior rami of spinal nn.

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5
Q

The Great Saphenous vein originates at medial side of leg. Where is its path from there?

A

At the knee, it runs superficially over the posterior border of the medial epicondyl of the femur and comes anteriorly again along the thigh and passes through the saphenous opening

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6
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run

A

Originates at lateral side of ankle, runs along the posterior leg, and dives into the popliteal fossa

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7
Q

What is the fascia of the thigh called?

A

Fascia Lata

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8
Q

What is the fascia of the leg called?

A

Crural fascia

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9
Q

What band runs from the iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle?

A

Iliotibial (IT) tract/band

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10
Q

What artery supplies the anterior thigh?

A

Femoral Artery: off the external iliac artery

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11
Q

What artery supplies the medial thigh?

A

Obturator artery: Off internal iliac

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12
Q

What arteries supply the gluteal region?

A
  • Superior and inferior gluteal arteries: off internal artery
  • Medial and Lateral circumflex femoral aa.: branch of femoral a.
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13
Q

What artery supplies the posterior thigh

A

Deep artery of thigh : branch of femoral a.

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14
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral thigh?

A

Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh: branch of femoral n

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15
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?

A

Obturatory n

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16
Q

Cutaneous innervation of gluteal region, Posterior thigh, and Popliteal fossa?

A

Posterior cutaneous n. of thigh

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17
Q

Origin and Insertion of Gluteus Maximus

A

O:Posterior ilium; posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
I: IT(iliotibial) band

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18
Q

Innervation and action of gluteus maximus

A

N: Inferior gluteal n.
A: Extend thigh

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19
Q

Origin and insertion of Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

O: Posterior ilium
A: Greater trochanter of femur

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20
Q

Innervation and action of Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

N: Superior gluteal n.
A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of tensor fasciae latae

A

O: ASIS
I: IT band

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22
Q

Innervation and action of tensor fasciae latae

A

N: Superior gluteal n.
A: Tenses fascia lata/IT band to stabilize knee

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of piriformis

A

O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter

24
Q

Innervation and action of piriformis

A

N: N. to piriformis (S1,S2)
A: Lateral rotation of thigh

25
Q

Origin and insertion of obturator internus

A

O: Posterior surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
I: Greater trochanter

26
Q

Innervation and action of obturator internus

A

N: N. to obturator internus
A: Lateral rotation of thigh

27
Q

What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis

28
Q

What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Obturator internus

29
Q

Obturator internus lies between what 2 muscles?

A

Superior Gemellus and Inferior Gemellus

30
Q

Origin and insertion of Superior and Inferior Gemellus

A

Superior Gemellus origin: Ischial spine
Inferior Gemellus origin: Ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter

31
Q

Innervation and action of superior gemellus and inferior gemellus

A

N: Superior gemellus: N. to obturator intuernus; Inferior gemellus: N. to quadratus femoris
A: lateral rotation of thigh

32
Q

Origin and Insertion of Quadratus Femoris

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest of femur

33
Q

Innervation and action of quadratus femoris?

A

N: N. to quadratus femoris
A: Lateral rotation of thigh

34
Q

Piriformis is a key landmark for identifying what nerves and arteries?

A
  • Superior gluteal n. and a. emerges superior to piriformis

- Inferior gluteal n. and a. emerges inferior to piriformis

35
Q

Piriformis Syndrome

A

Compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis m.

  • pain in buttock, especially when sitting >20 ming
  • Primary PS (85%): precipitating cause(trauma, local ischemia)
36
Q

What three mucsles make up the hamstring?

A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Biceps Femoris (long head)
37
Q

What is the one non-hamstring muscle of the posterior thigh?

A

Biceps femoris (Short head)

38
Q

Origin, Innervation, and Action of hamstring muscles

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
N: tibial division of sciatic n.
A: extend thigh; flex leg

39
Q

Biceps femoris(short head) origin

A

linea aspera of femur

40
Q

Innervation and action of short head of biceps femoris?

A

N: Common fibular division of sciatic n.
A: flexes leg

41
Q

Insertion of Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

A

Semitendinosus: Proximal tibia
Semimembranosus: Medial condyle of tibia

42
Q

Insertion of biceps femoris (long and short head)

A

I: head of fibula

43
Q

Pes Anserinus

A 
Formed by the insertions of 3 muscles at the knee
- Semitendinosus
- Gracilis
- Sartorius tendons 
"SaGS" (anterior > posterior)
44
Q

Bone-tendon avulsion of hamstring

A

Hamstrings detach from ischial tuberosity

  • sprinting
  • forceful hip flexion with knee extension
45
Q

How do hamstring tears usually occur?

A

sprinting

46
Q

Sciatic nerve breaks into what two nerves

A
  • Tibial N.

- Common Fibular N.

47
Q

Sciatic nerve from sacral plexus exits plexus through greater sciatic foramen and then emerges inferior to what muscle?

A

Piriformis

48
Q

Medial boundaries of popliteal fossa

A
  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Gastrocnemius (medial head)
49
Q

Lateral boundaries of popliteal fossa

A
  • Gastrocnemius (lateral head)

- Biceps femoris

50
Q

What nerve is prone to injury at the lateral side of the knee

A

Common Fibular n. (off sciatic n.)

51
Q

What nerve, artery, and vein, run through the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial n.; Popliteal v.; Popliteal a.

52
Q

The tibial nerve and common fibular n. each have a branch that joins together to form what nerve that will give cutaneous innervation to posterior leg?

A

Sural n.

53
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal a.?

A

Adductor hiatus

54
Q

The popliteal artery breaks into what 2 branches?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

55
Q

What 5 arteries form the genicular anastomosis?

A
  • Superior lateral and medial genicular a.
  • Inferior lateral and medial genicular a.
  • Middle genicular a.

Anatomy Exam 3 (9 decks)

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