Glycolysis Flashcards
(54 cards)
What is the first step of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
How is breathing related to cellular respiration?
- In breathing, the lungs exchange CO2 and O2 between the body and the atmosphere
- In cellular respiration, the cells consume the O2 in extracting the energy from food and release CO2 as a waste product
Cellular respiration is a term that refers to?
The biochemical pathway by which cells release energy from the chemical bond of the food molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life
Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration __________. Meanwhile, eukaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration in the ______________.
Cytoplasm; Mitochondrion
Similarities of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Both undergo glycolysis in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Both undergo substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis in producing ATP molecules.
- Both split the 6- carbon glucose into two molecule of pyruvate, the three carbon molecule.
- Both involved a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Both use NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a redox coenzyme that accepts two electrons plus a (H+) that becomes NADH
- Both performed by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Main Functions of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Production of ATP from food such as carbohydrate, lipid and protein
Anaerobic Respiration: Production of ATP without the use of oxygen
Site of reaction of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Cytoplasm and Mitochondrion
Anaerobic Respiration: Cytoplasm
Production of ATP of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: 36 to 38 ATP per glucose molecule
Anaerobic Respiration: 2 ATP per glucose molecule
Sustainability of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Long Term
Anaerobic Respiration: Short Term
Production of Lactic Acid of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Does not produce
Anaerobic Respiration: Produces
Oxygen Requirement of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Needs O2
Anaerobic Respiration: Does not need O2
Recycling of NADH of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Through the electron transport system
Anaerobic Respiration: In lactic acid fermentation, (i.e, muscle cells; in alcohol fermentation (pyruvate is converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol)
Participating Cells of Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration: Most cells
Anaerobic Respiration: Yeast, other fungi, prokaryotes, and muscle cells
Glycolysis occurs where?
It occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid of the cell, that is, outside the organelles
Where does Krebs Cycle occur?
Within the mitochondria
What does the Krebs Cycle do?
It completes the breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide
Three main stages of Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
What happens in the Electron Transport Chain?
It obtains electrons from the hydrogen carrier NADH, the reduced form of NAD+
FAD also shuttles some ________ from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain. The reduced form of FAD is FADH2
Electrons
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
are energy-releasing stages that?
Extract electrons from food molecules
while breaking these molecules down
to CO2
NAD+ and FAD temporarily capture the electrons and relay them to where?
The top of the Electron Transport Chain
What is the reduced form of FAD?
FADH2
The chain uses the _______________ of
electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2
to pump H+ ions across a membrane.
Downhill Flow
Glycolysis means?
“Splitting of Sugar”
