Glycolysis

Question 1

Redox

Answer 1

E- transfer

Question 2

Ligation req. ATP cleavage

Answer 2

Covalent bond formation (C-C)

Question 3

Isomerisation

Answer 3

Atom rearrangement

Question 4

Group Transfer

Answer 4

Transfer of 1 func. gp. from one molecule to another

Question 5

Hydrolytic

Answer 5

Bond cleavage via H2O addition

Question 6

Functional Group Addition/Removal

Answer 6

Addition of func. gps. to double bonds

OR

Removal of func. gps. to form double bonds

Question 7

Glycolysis Summary Concept

Answer 7

1. Formation of high energy compound (ATP hydrolysis)

2. Splitting of high energy compound (ATP synthesis)

Question 8

Step 1

Answer 8

Glucose —–> Glucose-6-Phosphate via Hexokinase

Gp. Transfer

ATP —> ADP

Question 9

Step 2

Answer 9

Glucose-6-Phosphate ——-> Fructose-6-Phosphate via Phosphoglucose Isomerase

Isomerisation

Forms symmetrical compound - can be split into equal halves when cleaves

Question 10

Step 3

Answer 10

Fructose-6-Phosphate ——> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate via Phosphofructokinase

Gp. Transfer

ATP —-> ADP

Regulate phosphofructokinase via -ve feedback to control entry of sugars into glycolysis pathway

Question 11

Step 4

Answer 11

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ——> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate via Aldolase

Hydrolytic

Split into 2 high energy compounds

Question 12

Step 5

Answer 12

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ——-> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via TPI (triose phosphate isomerase)

Isomerisation

Question 13

Step 6

Answer 13

2 x Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate —–> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate via Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Redox and Gp. transfer

NAD+ + Pi —> NADH

Question 14

Step 7

Answer 14

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ——> 3-phosphoglycerate via Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Gp. transfer

ADP —-> ATP

Kinase removes phosphate from reactant and phosphorylates ADP

Question 15

Step 8

Answer 15

3-phosphoglycerate ——> 2-phosphoglycerate via Phosphoglycerate Mutase

Isomerisation

Question 16

Step 9

Answer 16

2-phosphoglycerate ——> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O via Enolase

Dehydration (Gp. removal)

Question 17

Step 10

Answer 17

Phosphoenolpyruvate ——–> Pyruvate via Pyruvate Kinase

Gp. Transfer

ADP —–> ATP

Question 18

Net gain of glycolysis

Answer 18

2ATP
2NADH
2 Pyruvate