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Biochemistry > Glycolysis: Breakdown of Glucose > Flashcards

Glycolysis: Breakdown of Glucose Flashcards

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1
Q

Fill in the blanks:

In GLYCOLYSYS, the metabolic pathway by which “______” is converted to “_______” (a C3 molecule).

A. Two molecules of glucose, Two molecules of lactose
B. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of pyruvate
C. Two molecules of sucrose, Two molecules of fructose
D. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of xylose

A

B. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of pyruvate

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2
Q

What are the TWO OCCURS STAGES of GLYCOLYSIS?

A
  1. Six-carbon (Energy Investment)
  2. Three-carbon (Energy Production)
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3
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

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4
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)

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5
Q

What is the BY PRODUCT in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

ADP

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6
Q

Is step 1 reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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7
Q

A phosphate group from ATP is attached to the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 of glucose.

A

Phosphorylation of glucose

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8
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglucoisomerase

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9
Q

What is the reaction called in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Isomerization

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10
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)

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11
Q

Is step 2 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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12
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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13
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

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14
Q

What is the reaction called in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

What is the BY PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

ADP

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16
Q

Is step 3 reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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17
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 4 in Glycolysis?

A

Aldolase

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18
Q

In what step does break or split into 3-carbon sugar?

A

Step 4

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19
Q

What are the two C3 species formed?

A
  1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  2. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
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20
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Two triose phosphates

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21
Q

Is step 4 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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22
Q

Aldose or Ketose?

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

Ketose

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23
Q

Aldose or Ketose?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

A

Aldose

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24
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 5 in Glycolysis?

A

Triosephosphate isomerase

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25
What is the reaction called in step 5 in Glycolysis?
Isomerization
26
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 5 in Glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
27
Is step 5 reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
28
How much ATP is consumed in the step 1-5 of Glycolysis?
2 ATP
29
What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 6 in Glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
30
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 6 in Glycolysis?
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
31
What is the COENZYME of step 6?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)
32
What are the TWO CARBOXYLATE groups that joined together to form a bisphosphate product?
1. Carboxylate ion 2. Phosphate
33
What is the reaction called in step 6 in Glycolysis?
Oxidative phosphorylation
34
What is the ENERGY-EQUIVALENT MOLECULE in step 6?
6 ATP
35
Is step 6 reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
36
What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 7 in Glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerokinase
37
What is the COENZYME INVOLVED in step 7 in Glycolysis?
Magnesium Ion
38
Is step 7 reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
39
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 7 in Glycolysis?
3-phosphoglycerate
40
What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 8 in Glycolysis?
Phosphoglyceromutase
40
How many molecules are produced for each original glucose molecule in step 7?
2 ATP molecule
41
What is the reaction called in step 8 in Glycolysis?
Isomerization
42
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 8 in Glycolysis?
2-phosphoglycerate
43
Is step 8 reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
44
What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 9 in Glycolysis?
Enolase
45
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 9 in Glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate
46
Results in another HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATE group-containing compound.
Alcohol dehydration reaction
47
Is step 9 reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
48
What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 10 in Glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase
49
What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 10 in Glycolysis?
Pyruvate
50
What is the BY PRODUCT in step 10 in Glycolysis?
ATP
51
Is step 10 reversible or irreversible?
Irreversible
52
How many MOLECULES are produced for each original glucose molecule in step 10?
2
53
What are the OVERALL EQUATION for glycolysis.
1 glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi 🡪 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP + (2H+) + 2H2O
54
Fill in the blanks: Both ______ and _______ are converted in the liver to intermediates that enter the glycolysis pathway. A. Fructose and Galactose B. Sucrose and Glucose C. Fructose and Sucrose D. Lactose and Glucose
A. Fructose and Galactose
55
Entry of fructose into the glycolytic pathway involves phosphorylation by ATP to produce Fructose 1-phosphate converted to?
Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
56
In what step does Regulation of Glycolysis?
Steps 1, 3, and 10
57
Fill in the blank: ______ is most commonly metabolized in one of three ways, depending on the type of organism and the presence or absence of O2 A. Glucose B. Pyruvate C. Hexokinase D. Fructokinase
B. Pyruvate
58
Under aerobic (oxygen-rich) conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA by?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
59
TRUE OR FALSE; 30 ATP molecules are produced in skeletal muscle and nerve cells
True
60
TRUE OR FALSE: 32 are from the oxidative phosphorylation associated with the
26
61
TRUE OR FALSE; 2 are from the oxidation of glucose to lactate
True
62
TRUE OR FALSE; 2 are from the oxidation of glucose to ethanol
True

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