Glynis

Question 1

Nucleoside

Answer 1

Sugar and base

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Phosphate, sugar and base

Question 3

Difference between sugar in DNA and RNA

Answer 3

RNA has an OH in the second carbon position on the sugar

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

All the genetic material of the cell

Question 5

Plasmid

Answer 5

circular dsDNA that replicates independently of the chromosomes

Question 6

Transformation

Answer 6

Introduction of plasmid DNA into bacterial cell

Question 7

Transfection

Answer 7

Introduction of plasmid DNA into eukaryotic cell

Question 8

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 8

Creation of combinations of DNA segments that aren’t found together in nature

Question 9

Clone

Answer 9

population of identical organisms, cells or DNA descended from a single ancestor

Question 10

Gene cloning (6 steps)

Answer 10

1. Isolate DNA
2. Fragment
3. Insert each fragment into a plasmid
4. Introduce plasmids into bacteria (transformation)
5. Isolate bacteria containing required gene
6. Encourage isolated bacteria to reproduce

Question 11

Restriction endonuclease

Answer 11

enzyme that cuts both DNA strands at specific sites

binds to palidromic sites of DNA

Question 12

BamHI restriction site sequence

Answer 12

GGATCC

Question 13

EcoRI restriction site sequence

Answer 13

GAATTC

Question 14

DNApol function

Answer 14

catalyse template-directed addition of deoxynucleotides to a primer in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 15

PCR

Answer 15

polymerase chain reaction

amplification of a specific DNA fragment from a mixture

Question 16

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Answer 16

method of separating and visualising restriction fragments/PCR products
DNA (-) travels through gel towards anode (+)
Smaller = faster

Question 17

EtBr

Answer 17

fluorescent tag for agarose gel electrophoresis

fluorescence increases x20 when DNA-bound

Question 18

Ampicillin

Answer 18

penicillin antibiotic

interefers with cell-wall synthesis of g-neg bacteria

Question 19

Gene that confers resistance to Ampicillin

Answer 19

bla (produces β-lactamase which degrades penicillins)

Question 20

Chloramphenicol

Answer 20

Inhibits protein synthesis & host DNA synthesis

Question 21

Gene that confers resistance to Chloramphenicol

Answer 21

chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

attaches acetyl to chloramphenicol preventing it from binding to ribosomes