GMAE

Question 1

study of relationship between cell structure and function

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

all organism are composed of

Answer 2

cells and cellular products

Question 3

formed when similar cells and their by products are organized

Answer 3

Tissues

Question 4

formed when tissues associate with each other

Answer 4

Organs

Question 5

4 types of tissues

Answer 5

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous

Question 6

covers the body organs

Answer 6

epithelium t.

Question 7

for cartilage, blood, bone and lymph

Answer 7

Connective t.

Question 8

study of normal structure, tool for determining different functions of tissues and organs, microscopic anatomy

Answer 8

Histology

Question 9

study of changes in the microscopic structure of tissues

Answer 9

Histopathology

Question 10

father of microscope

Answer 10

Zaccharias Jansen (1588-1631) Antony van leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Question 11

father of english microscopy, reconfirming discovery of antony

Answer 11

Robert hooke (1635-1703)

Question 12

type of microscope

Answer 12

Light/compound microscope and Electron microscope

Question 13

passage of light thru the lenses forms the virtual image of the object seen by the eye

Answer 13

principle of compound microscope

Question 14

biconcave disc that bends light

Answer 14

lens

Question 15

rays that produces the image

Answer 15

bent rays

Question 16

instruments that uses beams of lightly energetic electrons to examine and magnify very small details on objects

Answer 16

principle of electron microscope

Question 17

advantages of electron microscope

Answer 17

higher resolution and magnification

magnify upto 2 million times

Question 18

disadvantages

Answer 18

very expensive
slide preparation is more elaborate
impossible to observe living organism

Question 19

parts of light microscope

Answer 19

mechanical system

optical system

Question 20

supports the microscope

Answer 20

mechanical microscope

Question 21

illuminates the object, passes light thru a series of lens to form an image

Answer 21

optical system

Question 22

supports the microscope

Answer 22

base

Question 23

used to support microscope when carried

Answer 23

arm

Question 24

supports the slide/specimen

Answer 24

stage

Question 25

holds the slide

Answer 25

stage clips

Question 26

used with medium and high power objectives, to sharpen the images

Answer 26

Fine adjustment knob

Question 27

for seeing the general view

Answer 27

coarse adjustment knob

Question 28

magnifies the specimen

Answer 28

eyepiece

Question 29

controls the amount of light

Answer 29

diaphragm

Question 30

4 steps in tissue preparation

Answer 30

Fixation Embedding Sectioning Staining

Question 31

stabilizes and preserves the tissue should be done quickly to avoid postmortem changes in cell structure hardens the specimens for sectioning

Answer 31

fixation

Question 32

used to react with proteins and stabilize cell structure

Answer 32

Formaldehyde (formalin)

Question 33

the tissue is fixed ?

Answer 33

overnight

Question 34

the water is removed from fixed specimen by passing it thru a series of ascending alcohol (ethanol) concentrations

Answer 34

post fixation

Question 35

alternative to fixation, specimens are frozen

Answer 35

Freezing

Question 36

converts the tissue to a solid form which can be sliced or sectioned

Answer 36

embedding

Question 37

clearing agent used in embedding

Answer 37

xylene

Question 38

liquid/chemical that can solidify the specimen upon cooling

Answer 38

melted wax (paraffin) or epoxy solution

Question 39

production of very thin slices from tissue sample to be used for microscopy

Answer 39

sectioning

Question 40

tool used for sectioning, can be simple as a razor/bladed/complex machine

Answer 40

microtome

Question 41

provides fro visual contrast, which may help identify specific tissue components

Answer 41

staining

Question 42

basic stain with deep purple or blue color

Answer 42

hematoxylin

Question 43

acidic stain with red color

Answer 43

eosin

Question 44

also known as wheatley identification | 3 dyes are used to further differentiate one structure

Answer 44

trichrome stain

Question 45

used for staining intestinal protozoan cyst

Answer 45

trichrome stain

Question 46

fixative is highly recommended for the preservation of fecal specimens before parasitological

Answer 46

Polyvinyl alcohol

Question 47

size for sectioning

Answer 47

5mm

Question 48

pancreas functions

Answer 48

exocrine, endocrine

Question 49

2 hormones secreted by pancreas

Answer 49

insulin and glucagon

Question 50

type I cartilage

Answer 50

Ligaments, bones, tendons, organ capsules and dermis of skin

Question 51

type II cartilage

Answer 51

hyaline c, elastic cartilage, reticular fibers

Question 52

type III

Answer 52

reticular fibers

Question 53

type IV

Answer 53

basal lamina assoc with epithelial and endothelial cells

Question 54

type V

Answer 54

basal lamina assoc with muscle

Question 55

forms the anchoring fibrils that links basement membrane

Answer 55

type VI

Question 56

glassy matrix

Answer 56

hayline cartilage

Question 57

thick bundles of collagen fibers in matrix

Answer 57

fibrocartilage

Question 58

dense c.t that surrounds each lymph node, contains bv and lv

Answer 58

capsule

Question 59

highly cellular and deeply basophilic packed with lymphocytes aggregated into nodule

Answer 59

cortex

Question 60

pale staining center part of lymphatic nodules

Answer 60

germinal centers

Question 61

resembles lymphocytes when there is infection

Answer 61

germinal centers

Question 62

separates cortex from capsule

Answer 62

marginal sinus

Question 63

immediately beneath the capsules and contains macrophages and reticular cells

Answer 63

marginal sinus

Question 64

less cellular and contains macrophages, plasma cell and more lymph nodes

Answer 64

medulla

Question 65

fibrous c.t that extends thru the cortex into the medulla

Answer 65

internodular trabeculae