GNAV Flashcards
(264 cards)
1
Q
The magnetic north
A
Position varies with time
2
Q
How to check the pre flight condition of the direct compass compass
A
Check the general condition and correct heading indication
3
Q
Find scale for Lambert chart. Given 2 meridian: 10W and 20W. Lat is 56N. Measure on chart is 7cm. Find the scale
A
1: 9000000
4
Q
Which line is the parallel of meridian (there’s a diagram of sphere)
A
B
5
Q
Polar Stereographic meridians
A
Radiate away from pole
6
Q
Apparent solar time caused by
A
Earth orbits at diff speed around the sun
7
Q
What is ambient air temp
Ram rise equals to
A
One option was ambient air temp = SAT
8
Q
Mercator chart: Chart Convergency equals
A
Zero
9
Q
Mercator Chart both lat. and long lines
A
Straight lines
10
Q
RMI measured by aircraft from VOR Goose 252T
Longitude and latitude of Goose is 53N60W, Var 32 deg West at VOR, 28deg west at aircraft: calculate bearing from VOR to aircraft to be potted on Lambert chart
A
From aircraft: 252 (T) + 28W(M) = 280(M)
From Goose: 100(M) reciprocal, 32(W), 68(T)
40/72 (choose either)
11
Q
What is the diff between True North and Grid North
A
Grid convergency
12
Q
Projection of lambert chart
A
Earth to cone
13
Q
What is zenith
A
The point on the sky vertically overhead an observer
14
Q
Singapore 01degN, 103degE to Nauru island 00degS (00deg 55S 166deg 91E) find approx dist
A
3784NM
Dep formula: Chlong (min) X Cos Lat
15
Q
120degE, LMT is 0724, find UTC at 120deg west
A
2324 UTC, Previous day
16
Q
Meridians of longitude
A
Great circles containing the polar axis
17
Q
Diagram of changeover point
A
Choose option with distance 68NM
18
Q
What is prime meridian
A
Greenwich meridian
19
Q
Dep formula can be used to measure
A
Dist between two points at same latitude
20
Q
For VFR is sunn is below horizon or high latitudes
A
Must be large, unique and contrast
21
Q
Given TAS 270kts, after 20mins, you deviate 3NM to the left of your original track 200degT, what is your actual drift if you have been heading 208degT
A
10degLeft
22
Q
Compass North
A
000 aircraft compass
23
Q
What is conformity
A
Angles on earth represented correctly on chart
24
Q
When is sun directly over 23.5degNorth
A
4 June
21 June to be exact
25
When flying VFR, what is the best visual reference to estimate your ground speed
Railway track perpendicular to your flight path
26
A to B 117NM, one point at 47NM, deviate right 6NM, how many degrees must you change to get back on track
12.9deg
27
When flying through water
Take note of position and time when passing the edge of water to properly calculate DR to make your next scheduled turn
28
Lambert conformal, parallel of latitudes
Concave to poles
29
On a polar stereographic chart with scale of 1:500000 at pole, what is the scale at latitude 82deg
Scale at large = scale at pole X sec2(1/2 co-lat)
1:497567
30
SAT is
TAT less RR
31
An aircraft cruising at FL350, TAS430 and ISA+20. What is the Mach number
M0.716
32
Using chart CH004, locate the fix as measured 55NM from Nelson and 81NM from TORY
S40 24 E173 36
33
Using chart CH004, locate the intersection point 155T from NS VOR and 217M WN VOR
S41 54 E173 36
34
Using chart CH004, AC is 315M from Kukuro NDB. What is the true heading from AC to NDB
168T
35
Define chart convergence
Angular diff between 2 meridians on a chart
36
Define earth convergence
Chart convergence at parallel of origin
37
What is the term to describe between Great circle track (GCT) and Rhumb line track (RLT)
Conversion angle
38
TAS 285kts. Passes VOR at 0834UTC at 133M. At 0850UTC, the VOR radial is measured to be 127 at 80NM. Find wind
245/35 kts
39
When do you perform a compass swing
As specified in the aircraft maintenance schedule
40
The ability of compass to align to horizontal component of magnetic field is determined by
Sensitivity
41
Planned ground speed of a flight plan is 481kts. However, current ground speed displayed in flight by the FMS is 459kts. Aircraft reach waypoint BOLAX at 2344Z. After leaving BOLAX, the next waypoint is GURDI 259NM away, what is the entry to flight log
ZATA BOLAX 2344Z, ZETA GURDI 0018Z
42
When starting VFR navigation to a waypoint, what is the visual reference that should be picked up to the first waypoint
Pass SHP at cruising altitude
43
An aircraft start climb from F310 to FL350. Mach0.83 and ISA deviation -5. Find TAS
477kts
44
The computer flight log of an aircraft flying from waypoint AA to waypoint BB is gen below. What is the fuel burn
8823kg/hr
45
Question regarding purpose of railway track
Can be used to calculate ATA at right angle to railway track
46
Question about why are charts constantly being updated and companies have to keep buying charts
Changes in magnetic variation
47
Question about VFR flights over water and passing a turning point
Take note of the ships on the water as flying safely is more important than navigating on track
48
Question about chart convergence and earth convergence at Lambert
Earth con and chart con is the same at parallel of origin
49
When navigating VFR/VMC with the centre of the forest at the turning point, you should
Take note when flying past the edge of the trees and note the time/position to update the DR time. Turn to the next fix with the updated DR time.
50
31deg South parallel of latitude means
31deg South of equator
51
Wind velocity 280/20. Desired track 310T, TAS 180. Variation 20W. Calculate heading.
327M or 307T
52
Given LMT 830PM 3rd March at W121.15, find the UTC
4.34AM 4th March
53
Mercator Chart scale is 1:2000000 at 30S. What is the scale at 60S
1:1154700
54
Scale is 1:500000. Actually distance is 88NM. How many cm will that be on the map?
32.6cm
55
Something about reserve fuel and what is the latest time the plane can proceed with a landing approach
0545
56
Grid convergence is
Difference between grid North and true north
57
Compass north is
000 aircraft compass
58
Question showed lighted obstace
Inverted V - Obstacle
Inverted V with marks on TOP - Lighted obstacle
2 inverted V - Group obstacles
2 inverted V with marks on TOP - Lighted group obstacles
59
Your start off point to the first way point should be
Prominent landmark which you can obtain upon cruising altitude
60
True north can be measured from
Clockwise from anti meridian
61
Convert 238NM to SM
274SM
62
Why is apparent day not constant throughout the year
Because the earth does not orbit at a constant speed around the sun
63
Mercator Chart
Expands from the equator
64
Lambert convergence
Sin x parallel of origin
65
Purpose of liquid in compass
Dampen oscillations
66
When to do compass swing
Lightning strike
67
Compass swing, done when
Major aircraft components change
68
When is it necessary to swing the direct reading compass of an aircraft
After having been struck by lightning
69
What would affect compass swing
Magnetic freight
70
When are Lambert charts used
Mid lat great circles
71
Triangle of velocities
Vector quantities can be added and subtracted
72
Standard parallel on the Lambert chart
Cuts the reduced earth
73
Why are navigational maps constantly updated
Because the magnetic variation changes with time
74
Modern navigational charts are considered as
Mathematical and still a projection
75
What is layered tinting/coloured gradient
Used for ground in different elevation bands
76
What are contour lines
Lines of same elevation
77
AC cruising at 240kts TAS waypoint 1. Track and dist to waypoint 2 is 040T/120nm. The forecast W/V is 180deg T/30. What is elapsed time to waypoint 2
27min
X wind = wind speed x sin (Bigger angle - Smaller angle)
HDW Windspeed x cos (Bigger angle - Smaller angle)
78
What dist from the departure point will an aircraft reach FL350 if it departs from overhead at AL of 3000ft
Mean climb TAS = 230kts
Mean ROC = 1150fpm
Wind component for climb = +30kts
+ is tailwind, - is headwind
120nm
79
How are great circles compared to thumb lines with respect to the equator/pole
Convex to pole
80
What do the numbers mean on the following diagram?
Diagram shows a changeover point
The distance from and to changeover point
81
Ram rise is
Difference between RAT and SAT
82
RAT is
RR plus SAT
83
Lambert chart, great circles are
Concave to the parallel of origin
84
Your dist to go is 850nm, speed is 420Kts, wind component is -30. Calculate the time required to cover this distance
131 mins
85
RMI gives you a heading of 252M, variation at AC is 28W, variation at VOR is 32W. What is the bearing of your true plot form the VOR to you
Given - Goose VOR: 53N60W Aircraft: 56N55W
1. Find true heading - 252 - 28 = 224T
| 2. Find true track = Approx less than 76M
86
A Lambert chart scale
Where differences between the standard parallels is 1%...
87
```
Flight log question
Fly 10N45W UTC time from 0303 to 0354
Find average ground speed
Use figure above ZATA (419nm)
Time travelled 51 mins
Average groundspeed kts
```
493kts
88
True direction is measured from
Clockwise from any meridian
89
```
Total fuel tank capacity 325 litres
Total fuel on board 68USG (257l)
Flight time 1h17min
Fuel filled 198l to full tank
AVGAS sg 0.72
Find fuel burn rate
```
162lbs/h
90
Start time 0445 UTC Fuel amt: 6700kg
2nd time check 0505UTC Fuel amt: 5900kg
Fuel for approach: 650kg
Fuel for missed approach, diversion and reserve fuel: 3300kg
Latest time to descend
0546UTC
0554UTC
91
To an observer on the North Pole, your earth rotate_____ and the earth rotates around the sun _____
Anti clockwise, Anti clockwise
92
Back bearing is the
Reciprocal of bearing from the observer
93
Radio bearing is referred to as
The reciprocal bearing to the observer
94
The RMI of an NDB from the aircraft is 325M. What is the bearing to plot from the NDB in T given that you are 35nm from the NDB
Plotting 35nm will help you see the variation line, which is stated on the chart as 23E.
Therefore, bearing to plot = 145M + 23E = 168T
95
They will give you a flight log
8253 or smth like that
96
What errors would you encounter when converting indicated Airspeed to Calibrated Airspeed
Position and Instrument error
97
IOAT/TAT/RAT
SAT(COAT) =
TAT (IOAT/RAT) - Ram Rise
98
RAT =
COAT + Ram Rise
99
IOAT =
OAT + Ram Rise
100
TAT =
SAT + Ram Rise
101
How are parallel of Latitude like on Mercator Chart?
Straight lines (+ Expanding away from the equator)
102
On a polar stereographic chart, a scale at the pole what is the scale at latitude 80deg
Use formula:
| Scale at lat = scale at pole X sec2 (1/2 co-lat)
103
Given TAS 220kt, Flying from 3000ft to 15000ft, flying a TK of 66T. Average ground speed?
Ascend: 2/3 X higher altitude
Descend: 1/2 X Lower altitude
Use CRP5 to find HDG (do drift correction)
224 - 226kts
104
2 qn on air almanac.
Interpolate between 2 numbers, then convert to LMT of given longitude (15deg = 1hr)
105
Asked about the oblate spheroid shape of the earth. Qn was whether the diameter is longer at where
Diameter is longer over the equator than the poles
Diff is 43km
106
On a polar stereographic chart, what are the parallels of lat represented as?
Concentric circles...
107
60NM North of VOR at FL350, 10NM South of VOR at FL120. What is the ROD /Descent gradient
ROD = 3.01deg
Descent gradient = 5.4%
108
Polar stereographic chart is a ____ projection and the light source comes from___?
Plane, Opposite Pole
109
Something about DR that when lost or smth what is the method of navigation known as
Ground to map reading
110
When the snow and ice covers terrain ahead, and the sky is full of clouds(white out)
It can cause the horizon to "disappear" and can cause disorientation and it is very dangerous
111
Shows a triangle and ask what is this
Non compulsory reporting point
112
Descend from FL310 to 3000, CAS = 250kt, ISA +10.
Find TAS
1/2 of descend alt = (
31000 - 3000)/2
= 14000 + 3000 = 17000ft
```
ISA = 15- 2X15 = -19
Temp = -19+ 10 = -9
TAS = 329kt
```
113
Ascend from 5000ft to FL250, TAS = 300kt, ISA +10, find CAS
227kts
114
Given Mercator Chart of scale 1/6000000 at equator. Each meridian is 5deg apart, find chart length
5deg = 300NM = 9.26cm
115
Which is correct for Meridians?
Great semicircle which meet at pole
116
Given full tank 385L, current fuel in tank 68US Gal, flight time 1h17mins + smth. Tanks are filled after each flight: Amount filled 198L, specific density 0.72. Find rate of fuel brunt in lbs/hr
162lbs/hr
117
What is true for ram rise
Cannot be found from TAT, but can be found from SAT
118
Which of the following statement is correct
Regarding TAS, TAT, IOAT
Total air temp (TAT) cannot be used for Airspeed conversion but must be converted to static air temp (SAT)
119
Latitudes on a Polar Stereographic chart is represented as
Curved line... arc of circle
120
Given polar Stereographic chart, 5cm represents 70NM at the pole, what is the scale at 70deg lat?
Pole x sec2 (1/2 co-lat) = scale at lat
Scale at 70deg lat = 1/2514617
121
Decrease in speed from 160kt to 140kt. What's the change in descend 4 degrees glidescope
135fpm decrease
122
Parallel of latitudes are
Smaller in circumference nearer to the poles
123
Given scale of 1/6000000; difference of 5deg meridians. What's the distance on the map
9.26cm
124
2 VORs given. What does the number in the middle represents
Distance over VOR
125
What's an ideal chart
Angles on earth surface should be represented by same angles in chart
Scale should be constant and correct
Areas should be represented with the true shape on the chart
Equal areas on earths surface should be shown as equal areas on the chart
126
What is the weight of fuel, in kg, of 12000USG with SG of 0.8
Convert USG to litres = 45424.944L
| Litres to KG = 45424.944 x 0.8 = 36340
127
How does the scale change for a polar stereographic chart
Expands away from equator
128
Your flight has been cleared to descend from F280 and F170 and is to level off 40NM from a VOR. At what distance do you have to commence descend of your aircraft travels 3NM for every 1000' change in altitude
(F280 - F170)/1000 = 11
Distance travelled = 3 x 11 = 33NM
Distance to descend = 33 + 40 = 73NM
129
The ___ pole of the compass is attracted to the earths magnetic north and is completely horizontal when it is at the ____
Red, magnetic equator
130
The primary purpose of the liquid in a direct reading compass is
To act as a damping medium
131
When does the perihelion occur each year
January 4
132
What is the great circle distance between 30N 10W and 30N 20W
520NM
133
The initial great circle track between anchorage, Alaska and Tokyo, Japan is 269T. What is the rhumb line track
244T
134
On a Lambert chart, the projector of earth surface is onto a
Cone
135
On a Mercator Chart, the reduced earth surface is projected on a
Cylinder
136
On a polar stereographic chart, the reduced earth surface is projected on a
Plane
137
What is the LMT at Tahiti if it is 1447 UTC
0449LMT
138
What is the LMT at Sydney if it is 1330UTC
2334LMT
139
When are acceleration errors the greatest in a direct reading compass
In the east/west direction
140
How are lines of meridian represented on a Mercators chart
Straight parallel lines
141
What does this symbol on a navigation chart represents
dots that made up a cirlce
NDB
142
An AC RMI shows a heading of 240 and a relative bearing of 120deg to an NDB station. What is the bearing that is to be plotted on a lamberts chart from the NDB station
Variation at AC 10E
Variation at NDB 12E
Chart convergency 3deg
AC heading 240M
RBI reading 120 (Relative)
Mag heading 240M
AC variation 10E. True heading is 250T
Relative bearing = 120. So true bearing = 250T+120 = 370T
370T - 360 = 10T
Reciprocal = 190T
143
What is the danger if the ground is completely covered by snow and ice and the sky is completely covered by clouds?
Disorientation as the horizon is indistinguishable since the skin and ground merges
144
When a straight railway line is spotted on ground, it can
Be used only in conjunction with other lines of reference
145
Your heading is 330T with a 5deg right drift. What is the heading required to make good the reciprocal track
330 + 5 = 335
| 335 - 180 = 155T
146
Flying from A to B, you find that you are 2NM left of track 30NM from A. The distance between A & B is 60NM. What is your track angle error
Dist off/Dist travelled x 60
2/30 x 60 = 4
147
What is total air temp
OAT + Ram Rise = TAT
148
What is the true altitude if the indicated altitude is F310 and ISA + 15
31000 + 15/273 x 31000 = 32700
32900
149
What are the wind components for takeoff on runway 03 with wind 350/25
```
Head = 250cos40 = 19kts
Cross = 250sin40 = 16kts from LEFT
```
150
Mach no calculation with TAS and OAT given
M = TAS + LSS
LSS = sqrt (temp in kelvin)
151
What do contour lines on topographic map represents
Joins points with same ground elevation
152
What represents points of same variation
Isogonals
153
How do you Ensure the direct reading compass is within acceptable limits before flight
Check the alignment against runway heading
154
Something about check the serviceability of the compass
Check the deviation card is up to date
155
What precaution must be taken while flying visually at latitudes where the sun remains at Low on the horizon for Long periods of time
Avoid using tall objects as visual reference points as they can cast Long shadows which can be confusing
156
Knowing the earth is an oblate spheroid meaning
The equator diameter is greater than the polar diameter
157
Factors affecting dead reckoning
Actual wind
158
If scale is 1:5000000 on a polar stereographic chart , what is the scale at 82N
1/4975670
159
For a direct reading compass card, what is done to reduce dip
Pendulously suspended
160
What are the components used in "triangles of velocities"
Hdg, track, ground speed, wind velocity
161
Defn of minimum enroute altitude (MEA)
Lowest published altitude between radio navigation fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacles clearances requirements between those fixes
162
VFR piston engine climb 16lb, trip 86lb, hold fuel 64lb. What's the fuel required
166lb
163
When looking for a feature in Low horizon
Must be uplight so well illuminated
164
What is the great circle dist between 30degN10W and 30degN20W
520NM
165
What is the great circle dist between 10degN20W and 10degS30W
1200NM
166
The angle between equator and a heavenly body is
Declination
167
Mercator Chart convergence
0deg
168
Lambert convergence
Sine x parallel of origin
169
Regarding flight log
2 waypoints (N15W140 to N10W100). Find fuel consumption and ground speed
1st waypoint @ 0303UTC
2nd waypoint @ 0354UTC
51mins = 0.85h
Fuel remaining and fuel required
81.2
Fuel consumption : between 3000 - 4000
Ground speed: Between 300 - 400
170
Red compass
Points towards magnetic North Pole, dip is fully horizontal and way between poles
171
Pre flight test
Check against runway alignment
172
Why is apparent solar time diff
Apparent solar time is earth rotation measured against the sun, therefor duration is not fixed
173
RR =
RAT - SAT
174
Ground speed =
TAS + Wind
175
Compass deviation
-ve is west, +ve is east
176
4 deg right
HDG is 86, track is 90
177
HDG 085M, ADF 345R, variation is 10W. What is true bearing of NDB from aircraft
60T
ADF shows relative heading of AC heading to VOR
RMI shows magnetic heading wrt to magnetic north to VOR
345 + 85 - 360 = 70
70-10 = 60
178
Is perfect scale attainable?
Never attainable
179
Lambert standard parallels
Is where the cone cuts the reduced earth
180
Descent from FL250 to 5000ft with average TAS 300kts, temp ISA+15, find CAS
232kts
181
AC descending from F370 to 3000ft with CAS 250kts. ISA + 10. What is the average TAS on descend
340kts
182
Which of the following should a visual checkpoint have
Unique
Vertical extent
Contrast
183
AC in SH turns left from 045deg to 315deg. At the end of the turn, compass reads___ than 315degM. Pilot should stop turn approximately at ____
Less than, 285M
UNOS (NH)
Need to undershoot = stop early
ONUS (SH)
Need to overshoot = stop late
184
What property must a chart possess to be conformal
Scale although varying, must be the same in all directions at any point
185
When navigating visually under VFR with a turning point that does not have an associated visual feature
Turn onto next track should be made at the calculated DR time and position for the turning point
186
Earth travels around the sun at an elliptical orbit. The closest point to the sun along this orbit referred to as
Perihelion 4th Jan
187
Morning civil twilight is
The one when the center of the sun is 6deg below the horizon to the time of the sunrise
188
Defn of 1NM
One minute of longitude present 1NM
189
What is mean rate climb required? 4% climb gradient for initial climb of 2000ft, mean climb TAS=160kt
Mean climb wind=15kt headwind
580
GS = 160 - 15 = 145
Horizontal ground dist = 2000/4 x 100 = 50000ft = 8.23NM
Time taken = 8.23/145 x 60 = 3.4min
Mean climb rate = 2000/3.4 = 587kts
190
Flight planning info to solve climb and descend calculations found in
AOM
191
The visual navigation technique using DR position to locate landmark on the chart is
Ground to map reading
192
Rate of descent to maintain 2.5deg?
| ILS g/s at groundspeed 150kts
625
GS x 5 (Angle / 3)
150 x 5 (2.5/3) = 625
193
What is the distance from equator to a North Pole
5400NM
194
When earth is furthest
Aphelion 4 Jul
195
Perth VOR N56 26.6 W003 22.0 ramme VOR N56 28.7 E008 11.3. Distance between the two is
383nm
Dep = (Ch Long x 60) * cos (mean lat)
196
Calculate LMT for sunset at Narita on 5th March N35 45.5 E140 22.6. LST Japan UTC + 9
1759LMT 5th March
197
Aircraft heading of 240T, what is the magnetic heading if var is 23E, compass Dev on current heading is 2E
217M
198
Compass north is
Direction a compass needle points to
199
Standard parallel of lamberts conformal chart is
Scale is correct on the standard parallel
200
What happens to scale on Mercator Chart
Expands away from equator
201
How are great circles depicted on Mercator Chart
Curved lines concave to the equator
202
What is meant by chart conformity
Lat and Long must cut each other at right angles
Equal rate of scale change, both north/south and east/west
203
1cm on polar stereo chart equals 5.4nm at the pole. What is the chart approx scale at 80deg
1:1000000
Chart scale = 1/1000080
Scale at 80deg =
1/1000080 * 1/cos5deg * 1/cos5deg
204
Cruising at F330 where SAT is -46deg. What is true altitude
33660
ISA deviation = 5deg
TA = F330 + 5/273 * F330 = F336
205
What TAS is required to maintain ground speed 300kts along a track of 90deg if wind is 225T/40kts
273kts
```
Tailwind = 40cos45deg
TAS = 300 - 40cos45deg = 271kts
```
206
What heading to maintain track of 235M if wind is 330T at 50kts and AC TAS is 300kts? Var is 4E
245M
True heading = 235 + 4 = 239
249T - 4 = 245M
207
AC cruising at F330 speed M84. What is TAS if ISA dev is +11
499
TAS = M * LSS
208
A KM is defined as
1/10000 of the dist between Equator and either pole
209
Mean ground in descent is 280kts, what is required ROD
1470ft
ROD = 5x GS = 1400
210
What happens when the sun is at Low altitude
Obstacles must be recognised
Do not use tall reference points as they cast a Long shadow which can fool you
211
Wind
True heading
212
INS flies by
True heading
213
What happens to scale in a Lambert chart
Contracts between the standard parallels
214
Prior to descent, it is impt to check your lat and Long in order to
Ensure safe ground clearance
215
What is ram air temp
RAT = COAT/OAT/SAT + Ram rise
216
Ram rise is
The diff between TAT and SAT
217
You are at 2500' at 10nm from the airport when you commended your descent. 5nm from the airport, you are at 1250'. Calculate descent gradient
4.1%
218
You are flying at track 090T with left drift of 5deg. Variation is 18degW. What is the compass deviation if the compass heading shows 115degC
2degW
219
F350 to F390, maintain 0.84 Mach. GS is?
475kts
220
The earths tilt causes
Seasons
221
What can be done to make a compass aperiodic/deadbeat
Fluid
222
Defn of 1NM
Subtends to one minute of a great circle
223
A question about Airspeed indicator
The static temp can be used for ASI calculations
224
Heading for A to B is 80deg, distance 60NM. Halfway track is 2nm left. What's the total track to B
88deg
225
Heading 284T, AFF 183deg, variation 20W. Know how to calculate the angle in magnetic. The figures might not be exactly same but know how to calculate
127
284 + 183 = 467
467 - 360 = 107
107 + 20W = 127
226
AC is climbing from 3000ft to F330. At which flight level can be used to calculate climb wind velocity
23000ft
(33000 - 3000) x 2/3 + 3000 = 23000
227
What is the TAS? COAT: -65deg Mach: 0.795
445kts
228
You are overflying a VOR with a heading of 300M. 9 minutes and 40NM later, your relative bearing to the VOR is 305M. What is the wind direction and wind speed
TAS = 60/9 * 40
= 267
229
Track is 090T. W/V 315T/30kts. Where will your plane end up?
D
230
The track is 14T at 448kt. The heading is 7T at 433kt. Find wind speed and bearing
267T/55kts
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc (cosA)
231
Question on flight log, interpret the fuel consumption over 2 timings
1. Calculate actual flight time between the 2 waypoints
2. Using 2 listed FuelRM values in BLUE HANDWRITING, find the difference.
3. Find fuel consumption rate (per hour)
232
Mercator Chart (Lat and Long)
Both are straight lines
233
Diff between true north and grid north
Grid convergency
234
What is zenith
Point on the sky vertically overhead an observer
235
Singapore 01degN, 103degW to Nauru island 00degS, find approx dist
3784NM
236
120degE, LMT is 0724, find UTC at 120degW
2324UTC, previous day
237
Meridians of longitude
Great circles containing the polar axis
238
Diagram of changeover point
Choose option with dist 68NM, changeover point is the dist
239
TAS 270kts, after 20min, you deviate 3NM to the left of your original track 200degT, what is your actual drift if you have been heading 208degT
10degLeft
240
What would affect compass swinging
Magnetic freight
241
Lambert conformal, parallel of latitudes
Concave to Poles
242
Question in a flight log and asked to find the average ground speed from 2 diff times 10N140 and 15N145
493
243
According to the aircraft flight manual, the landing dist req is 1646ft. Convert into metres
502m
244
While navigating visually when the sun is Low on the horizon (during winter months or at high latitudes). It is impt to Ensure the visual features chosen to check position are
Of sufficient size, shape and contrast to be adequately see
245
What is the descent gradient for an aircraft that is descending on track that crosses a VOR
60NM north of VOR, alt is F350
010NM South of VOR, alt is F120
5.4%
246
What he aight above the threshold would an aircraft be at 15NM from the threshold on a 3.5degree slope that passes over the threshold at 50ft
5300ft
247
Prior to descent, it is impt to determine aircraft position accuracy, I order to
Ensure safe ground clearance
248
An AC is flying from A to B and is 2NM to the left of track, 30NM from A and distance between A to B = 60NM. The track from A to B is 090M. Heading maintained since overhead A is 084M
What is the correct required magnetic heading to make good B
092M
249
When navigating visually under VFR with a turning point that does not have an associated visual features
The turn onto the next track should be a made at the calculated DR time and position for the turn point
250
According to flight manual, the landing distance req is 1645ft
502m
251
Using sheet provided. Calculate LMT for ECT at FUA AMOTO airport on 7 March
FUA AMOTO S21 14.5 W175 08.5
1845 LMT 7 March
252
Using diagram to determine the sunrise time in HONOLULU HAWAII on 10 April.
0545UTC
253
LMT at Tahiti at 1425
0427LMT
254
LMT in Sydney at 1330UTC
2335LMT
255
Which one of the following factors has the greatest effect in the duration of twilight
Latitude
256
An AC takes off from 14S 160E. It flies the following tracks and dist
360T for 540nm
090T for 1800nm
180T for 300nm
What are the latitude and longitude of the destination
S5 W170
257
What is the compass heading required to fly a true heading 245T if comapss deviation is 1E and deviation is 17W
261 C
258
When a straight railway line is spotted on ground, it can
Be used only in conjunction with other lines of reference
259
Your heading is 330T with a 5deg right drift. What is the heading required to make good the reciprocal track
155T
```
330+5 = 335
335-180 = 155
```
260
Flying A to B, you find that you are 2NM left of track 30NM from A. The distance between A&B is 60NM. What is your track angle error
4deg
Dist off/dist travelled x 60 =
2/30 x 60 = 4deg
261
What is the true altitude if the indicated altitude is F310 and ISA+15
32700
True altitude =
indicated alt + (ISA dev/273 x indicated alt)
310 + 15/273 x 310 = 32700
262
What are the wind components for takeoff on runway 03 with wind 350/25
Headwind = 25cos40 = 19kts
Crosswind =25sin40 = 16kts from LEFT
263
Factors affecting dead reckoning
Actual wind
264
Scale is 1:5000000 on a Polar Stereographic chart, what is the scale at 82N
Scale at 82degN =
Scale at Pole *1/cos(1/2*8) x 1/cos(1/2*8)
= 1/4975670
