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Flashcards in Gomez - Pulmonary Infections Deck (25)
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1
Q

What two acute phase reactants indicate bacterial PNA over viral?

A

CRP

procalcitonin

2
Q

What are pts who have had splenectomies at risk for?

A

Increased risk of infection from encapsulated organisms

3
Q

What is the most common organism that causes pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

4
Q

What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in IV drug abusers?

A

Staph aureus

5
Q

What is the most common infectious agent found in pts with COPD?

What is the second most common?

A

1st: Haemophilus influenzae (Gram -)
2nd: Moraxella catarrhalis (Gram -)

6
Q

What type of organism must be covered for when treating suspected cases of Legionella?

A

Gram negative bacteria

7
Q

In what pt populations will you typically see pneumonia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pts w/ cystic fibrosis

Pts w/ neutropenia (i.e. on chemotherapy)

8
Q

What organism would you suspect if pt had pneumonia with presence of cold agglutinins?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

9
Q

What is important to remember about organisms causing pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals?

A

They can get pneumonia from ALL OF THE COMMON organisms IN ADDITION TO the more rare organisms.

10
Q

Describe Strep pneumoniae

A

1 cause of bacterial pneumonia in adults

Gram(+) encapsulated diplococcus

α-hemolytic

Optochin sensitive

11
Q

Describe Haemophilus influenzae

A

Gram(-) coccobacilli

Capsule is major viral factor

H.iB is most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children 6mos-2yrs

12
Q

Describe Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Gram(-) diplococcus

Typically manifests as common cold, otitis media, sinusitis

Less commonly: bronchitis, laryngitis, pneumonia in children

13
Q

Describe Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram(+) cocci in clusters

Catalase(+)

Coagulase(+)

In addition to skin infections, can cause pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome

Some strains resistant to PCN and vanco

14
Q

Describe Legionella pneumophilia

A

Gram(-) bacilli

Grow in standing water

Causes lobar pneumonia with non-productive cough, fever, can lead to multi-organ failure and death

15
Q

Describe Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Gram(-) encapsulated bacilli

Ferment lactose (red on MacConkey agar)

Most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections

Causes hemorrhagic pneumonia w/ red jelly-colored sputum

16
Q

Describe Pseudomonas

A

Gram(-) rods

Oxidase(+)

Nonfermenter

Secretes antiphagocytic slime

Commonly present in lungs of pts w/ CF

17
Q

Describe Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Lack a cell wall

Causes atypical “walking” pneumonia

Associated with cold agglutinin (anti-I) production

18
Q

Describe Chlamydia ssp. with respect to respiratory disease

A

Gram(-) coccoid to rod

Produce infectious elementary bodies

Cannot produce ATP

  • pneumoniae* strain causes atypical pneumonias (upper and lower)
  • psittaci* strain causes bird fancier’s disease
19
Q

Describe Coxiella burnetti

A

Gram(-) intracellular parasite

Found in farm animals and their products (ex. milk)

Has an endospore-like state resistant to environmental insult

Causes Q fever

20
Q

Describe Bacillus anthracis

A

Gram(+) bacilli in chains

21
Q

Describe Yersinia pestis

A

Gram(-) coccobacilli

Non-lactose fermenter, but does ferment glucose

22
Q

Describe pneumonic plague

A

Occurs in crowded conditions

Spread by respiratory droplets

Shorter incubation period and greater mortality than bubonic

23
Q

Describe Mycobacteria

A

Gram ambiguous (cell wall is (+), but (-) by DNA)

Acid fast - use Ziehl-Neelsen stain to ID

24
Q

What is a Ghon complex?

A

Found in tuberculosis infection

Calcified parenchymal necrotic lesion and associated lymph node

25
Q
A