Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Gonads and puberty > Flashcards

Gonads and puberty Flashcards

1
Q

What is puberty?

A

The physiological, morphological, and behavioural changes as the gonads switch from infantile to adult forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the definitive signs of puberty?

A
  • Girls = menarche (1st menstrual bleeding)

* Boys = first ejaculation, often nocturnal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the involvement of testicular androgens in male puberty?

A
  • External genitalia and pubic hair growth

* Enlargement of the larynx and laryngeal muscles (voice deepening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the significance of testicular size in male puberty?

A

Real puberty starting is often measured by testes size >3ml (>2.5cm in largest diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does oestrogen affect breast development in females?

A
  • Induces ductal proliferation
  • Causes site specific adipose deposition
  • Causes enlargement of areola and nipple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do the uterus and ovaries change in puberty?

A
  • Uterus develops from a tubular shape pre-puberty to a pear-shaped post-puberty
  • Endometrium thickens
  • Ovarian volume increases and becomes multi-cystic and functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in the maturation of the vagina in puberty?

A
  • Dulling of reddish colour and thickening of epithelium
  • pH becomes more acidic
  • Length increases
  • Secretion of clear discharge in the months before menarche
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define precocius puberty

A

The early onset of secondary sexual characteristics - before 8yrs for girls or 9yrs for boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does true precocious puberty differ from pseudo precocious puberty?

A

True involves the activation of the hypothalamus to send signals to activate the HPG axis system whereas pseudo doesn’t have hypothlamic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you differ between true and pseudo precocious puberty?

A

• GnRH test of injecting the hormone and measure after 30 and 60 mins

  • True shows LH and FSH stimulation in pubertal range
  • Pseudo has stimulation in the pre-pubertal or supression range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How would you treat true precocious puberty?

A

GnRH superagonist to supress the pulsatility of GnRH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 3 causes of true precocious puberty

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. CNS disorder
  3. CNS tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 3 causes of pseudo precocious puberty

A
  1. Increased androgen secretion
  2. Gonadotrophin or oestrogen secreting tumours
  3. Ovarian cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

A

Primary gonadal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?

A

Sexual infantilism relation to gonadotropin deficiency (secondary or tertiary failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In relation the HPG axis problems, what are primary problems?

A

Problems in the primary organ i.e. the gonads

17
Q

In relation the HPG axis problems, what are secondary problems?

A

Problems in the pituitary gland

18
Q

In relation the HPG axis problems, what are tertiary problems?

A

Problems in the hypothalamus

19
Q

In girls, what would be indications for investigation of delayed puberty?

A
  • Lack of breast development by 13yrs
  • More than 5yrs between breast development and menarche
  • Lack of pubic hair by 14yrs
  • Absent menarche by 15-16yrs
20
Q

In boys, what would be indications for investigation of delayed puberty?

A
  • Lack of testicular enlargement by 14yrs
  • Lack of pubic hair by 15yrs
  • More than 5yrs to complete genital enlargement
21
Q

What key points of family history may indicate a constitutional delay of growth and puberty?

A

Late menarche in mother or sisters or delayed growth spurt in father

22
Q

What are import points to ask about in a history of delayed puberty?

A
  • Totally absent or started then stopped
  • Family history of constitutional delay, infertility or delayed puberty
  • Perinatal history, prior medical illness, medication
  • Psychological deprivation, nutrition, exercise intensity
  • Neurological symptoms
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Cancer history and treatment
  • Testicular injury

Endocrine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions