Good and Evil Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
What does TBC R TBC stand for?
A
The beauty of the creation reflects the beauty of the creator
2
Q
What is the original sin?
A
When Adam and Eve ruptured their relationship with God by eating from the Tree of Knowledge. Since then humans have the tendency to sin
3
Q
What is free will?
A
A gift from God to choose between good and evil not robots
4
Q
Who wrote Enchiridion?
A
St Augustine
5
Q
What does Enchiridion talk about?
A
- PAG
- God is omnibenevolent who created the universe
- His creation is good
6
Q
What does PAG stand for?
A
P - evil doesn’t exist, it is a PRIVATION of good
A - its helps us APPRECIATE good
G - GOOD comes from evil
7
Q
What do other Christians believe about the origin or evil?
A
- They are less likely to believe in original sin
- Moral evil is caused by humans doing wrong
8
Q
What are the jewish beliefs about the origin of evil?
A
- People aren’t born evil
- suffering is cause by wrong choices
- yetzer ha tov
- yetzer ha ra
9
Q
Who came up with the theory the inconsistent triad?
A
David Hume
10
Q
What does David Hume say about the origin of evil?
A
If God were omnipotent and omnibenevolent, God would stop suffering. However there is evil and suffering therefore God isn’t omnipotent or omnibenevolent
11
Q
What does Mackie say about the origin of evil?
A
- evil does not help us appreciate good
- we dont need a contrast or too much of it
- good does not come from evil / suffering
- many become bitter and resentful after they suffer
- why couldn’t God make us all choose good
12
Q
What does Ambivalence mean?
A
Mixed feelings towards suffering
13
Q
What do Catholics believe about the purpose of suffering?
A
Helps us develop empathy
14
Q
What does the book of job say about suffering?
A
Bad things happen to good people and we dont know why but it is all apart of God’s plan. We all must trust God’s wisdom
15
Q
What chapter in the Bible talks about the suffering servant?
A
Isaiah 53
16
Q
What does the Suffering Servant teach us?
A
- The servant prophesised Jesus’ death meaning Jesus sacrificed himself for our sins.
- True servants of God should be ready to suffer for the sake of other people
17
Q
What do jews believe about suffering?
A
- Suffering comes from free will and wrong choices
- God is good and a merciful judge
- It is pointless to try figure out why Jesus suffered
- All jews should suffer for mankind
18
Q
What did John Hick say the origin of evil?
A
- Anglican Christian said humans are made in the image of God but are not perfect
- Humans can grow to be perfect
- Suffering is the best way to develop
- Evil is “soul-making”
19
Q
What do catholics do to endure suffering
A
- Pray for the sick
- Work for social justice
- Take up vocation to helps those who suffer
20
Q
What do jews believe about suffering?
A
- suffering comes from free will and wrong choices
- God is good, merciful judge and prosecutor
- Book of Job
- Suffering servant
- and they do charity work to endure the suffering
21
Q
What does incarnation mean?
A
God became flesh
22
Q
What is incarnation of God?
A
- Jesus is the son of God but he is also God
- It is One person
- Two natures
- Human/Divine
23
Q
What does it say in John 1 about incarnation?
A
- Jesus is the word
- God became flesh and human
24
Q
What is the sources of authority in John 1 about incarnation?
A
The word became flesh
25
What does kenosis mean?
emptying
26
What does the Kenosis Hymn talk about?
- Jesus Humbled himself
- He died on the cross between two thieves
- Christ placed himself at the service of humankind
27
Why is the kenosis hymn significant?
- Christians can understand God
- Jesus is God walking and talking on earth
- God sent his son to dd, pp, sss, log, hh
28
What are the Jewish beliefs on the incarnation.
- God is NOT Jesus
- It challenges the Shema which is about the oneness of God
- Ten Commandments = do not worship false gods
29
What is purpose of statues in the catholic church?
- Common feature in the church
- reminds Catholics of Jesus' incarnation and resurrection and suffering
- they are a physical sign of God's extraordinary presence
30
What are common examples of statues in the Catholic church?
- crucifix
- Mary
- statue of saints
- the stages of the cross
31
What did Sacrosanctum Conciliuim say about statues?
It turns men's mind towards God?
32
What is the significance of statues to catholics?
- They dont pray to statues
- it helps them focus
- Catholics dont pray to Mary she is an intercessor
33
What are the non-religious views towards free will?
- God was irresponsible giving humans free will
| - Omnipotent and omniscient God could stop our bad actions
34
What does Mackie say about free will?
Why didn't an omnipotent God make us always choose free will.
35
What did Sam Harris say about free will?
- Free will is an illusion
- We dont have free will and we are influenced by our
DNA
Our early life experiences
Brain development
Sub-conscious
36
What are the catholic views in free will?
- Free will is a gift from God
- God does not want us to be robots
- Original sin
- God wants us to choose to do good
37
What does Matthew 24 say about free will?
All are free before God
38
What is the doctrine of the Trinity?
- Fundamental belief of the church
| - Without the Trinity Christians could not believe that Jesus is God
39
What is the biblical support for the doctrine of the trinity?
- The first time is when Jesus was baptised and God, the son and holy spirit were all present
40
What are the beliefs of Catholics of the mystery of why God allows pain?
- Jesus' incarnation gives Christians a way to understand suffering
- God loves us so much he was willing to take on human form to sacrifice himself for us
41
What is the significance of God allowing suffering to Catholics?
- Jesus didn't run from suffering
- Suffering is temporary
- suffering will help others
- endure suffering
42
What does Lazarus say about suffering?
Those who suffer will be rewarded in the next life
43
What book does John Paull II write about suffering?
- Salvifici Doloris
| - saving power of suffering in latin
44
Who came up with the theory of natural law?
Thomas Aquinas
45
What is the theory of natural law?
- There are moral principles that humans naturally follow
| - Humans naturally pursue good and avoid evil
46
What are the 5 moral areas of conduct taught by Aquinas in the theory of natural law?
POWER=
- preserve life
- order society
- worship God
- educate children
- reproduce
47
How does natural law (NL) show us God is good?
- The universe is created by God who is good
- We recognise when NL is broken we have given ability to tell the difference between good and evil
- We dont have to know God to follow NL
- Non-Christians follow NL too
48
What are the protestant views towards statues?
- Statues go against the Ten Commandments (Dont worship false gods)
- They have a simple cross with no Jesus on
49
What are the jewish beliefs towards statues?
- No statues as a focus of prayer
- Do not worship false idols
- in synagogues there are no human representations
-
50
What is the pieta?
A statue of Mary holding Jesus after his crucifixion
51
What shows God's Goodness in the pieta?
- God sacrificed his only Son which shows his love for us
- God chose Mary for her goodness = she shows acceptance and not anger - God has values
- They are both at peace - better life to come
- Shows Mary's love for her son and this reflects God's love for us
52
What shows the meaning of human suffering in the pieta?
- Mary has left hand open
- Mary is larger than her full grown son
- Two figures are idealised despite their suffering
53
What is the significance of Mary has left hand open in the pieta?
Mary is accepting what has happened. We should accept suffering.
54
What is the significance of Mary is larger than her full grown son in the pieta?
Mary cradles Jesus like a baby in her arms. Jesus was fragile like a child and experienced extreme suffering we accept suffering too
55
What is the significance of Two figures are idealised despite their suffering in the pieta?
This reflects Catholic ambivalence (suffering is not wanted but it is a source of blessing)
56
What is a journey?
Opportunity to reflect on life’s journey, a journey of self-discovery and spiritual renewal.
57
What was the source for pilgrimages?
CCC ‘pilgrimage a place of spiritual renewal.’
58
What does pilgrimages give opportunities for?
- Prayer
- personal reflection
- attend mass
59
Where is Lourdes?
In south France
60
What is Lourdes?
- Bernadette had visions of Mary
| - She dug spring water
61
How many visions did Bernadette have?
18
62
What do people at Lourdes?
- many have bathed in the water
- believed to have miraculous healing powers
- pray at the grotto
- large numbers volunteer as helpers of the sick.
- They might not come back from Lourdes cured – but may feel a greater sense of peace
63
What is the significance of going to Lourdes?
- IT’S A WAY for ORDINARY PEOPLE CAN RESPOND TO THE MYSTERY OF SUFFERING
- Gives Catholics hope that in spite of evil in the world – God is IMMANENT and active in the world
- Bernadette came from a poor family – she had bad health – she struggled in school – this reassures Catholics that Mary will help them too..
- Mary also promised Bernadette to help her in the next life – ss, hh….
64
What do jews think about pilgrimages?
- Torah – instruction to go to Jerusalem to the Temple three times a year – Pesach, Shavuot, Sukkoth
- Since destruction of Temple - Not been able to fulfil the Mitzvot
- As a substitute some Jews visit the Western Wall in Jerusalem – its part of the Temple (remember Jews believe the messianic age will be when the temple is re-built)
- Jews pray for the Temple to be rebuilt
- For some Jews it is important to visit the graves of rabbis such as Maimonides
65
yetzer ha tov meaning?
Inclined to do good
66
yetzer ha ra
inclined to do bad
67
What is the nicene creed?
- God the creator, Jesus the Saviour (dd,pp,log,ss, hh) and Holy Spirit the invisible guide/inspiration for people today
- The Nicene CREED = core beliefs recited by Catholics
68
What is sermon on the mount?
speech that Jesus gave his followers
69
What is the beatitudes?
The Beatitudes are 8 blessings that begin with ‘Blessed are ..’
70
What does the beatitudes teach?
- The blessings teach Catholics what characteristics will be rewarded by God
- Those who are closest to God are the ones the world does not value ie. ‘blessed are the meek (humble)’
- CHANGE TO BEHAVIOUR – be gentle and do the right thing
71
What is The fulfilment of the Jewish Law (Torah)?
- Jesus says ‘I have not come to abolish the law .. But to fulfil them’ Matthew 5:17
- THIS IS SIGNIFICANT - Jesus has the authority of God and has the authority to update the Laws in the Torah
- CHANGE TO BEHAVIOUR - Following Jesus requires a higher moral standard, ie. Do not murder becomes do not be angry or love your neighbour becomes love your enemies
72
What does it say in Matthew 5-7 about Jesus' examples of moral behaviour?
- Lord’s Prayer – teaches about showing forgiveness in order to be forgiven
- Golden Rule ‘do to others as you would want them to do to you.’ – show kindness, mercy and love
73
What is the quote that Thomas Aquinas say about conscience?
‘the mind of human beings making moral decisions’
74
What do Catholics believe about our conscience?
- conscience must be informed (TAUGHT) by reading the Bible and by following the teaching of the Church
- Our INFORMED conscience helps us to discover natural law and know the difference between right and wrong.
75
What is our conscious proof of?
Our conscience is proof that God is good
- imago dei
- COLDS
76
What are virtues?
Are qualities that help us to do the right thing
77
What does St paul say about virtues?
virtues that bring us closer to God are faith, hope and selfless love
78
What are the Catholic Cardinal Virtues?
- PRUDENCE (make good decisions)
- JUSTICE (be fair)
- FORTITUDE (be brave)
- TEMPERANCE (show moderation)
79
Virtues and the role of suffering :
We can grow in virtue when we suffer – if I suffer poverty, I could then be more generous.. If I suffer injustice, I could then fight for justice..
80
What is the significance of developing virtues?
Developing the virtues means that we are living good lives – ss – hh..
81
What is Popular devotion/piety?
Catholic communities are activities outside of the Mass
82
What are examples of piety?
Rosary, praying Novenas, the Stations of the Cross, Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and going on pilgrimage – they are not part of the formal Mass
83
Why is piety important?
achieve a union with Christ – but also have strong cultural links, historically they were very important as a way of expressing/passing on faith
84
What is the rosary?
It is a form of meditation, most say the prayers from memory and can think more deeply
85
How many prayers does the rosary consist of and what are those prayers?
Consists of three prayers – Our Father, Hail Mary and the Glory Be
86
What do catholics reflect on when praying the rosary?
4 mysteries – they are periods in Jesus’ life
87
What are the four mysteries? (ROSARY)
- God becoming flesh
- Sorrowful = Jesus’ death
- periods in Jesus’ life - Glorious = Jesus’ resurrection, - - Luminous= Jesus’ life and teachings.
88
Why is reflecting on reincarnation important? (ROSARY)
Incarnation – God loved us so much he was willing to take on human form to sacrifice himself for us
89
What is the significance of the sorrowful mystery?
- The agony in the garden, the scourging (whipping) at the pillar, the crowning with thorns, Jesus carries his cross, Jesus is crucified and dies
- Helps Catholics to reflect on what Jesus suffered for them – dd,pp,log,ss,hh
- Helps Catholics accept suffering in their own lives
- Salvifici Doloris
- If we ‘offer up’ our suffering in prayer we can resemble Jesus’ own act of sacrifice
- Our suffering will be used to help others
