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Good and Evil Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Good

A

That which is considered morally right, beneficial and to our advantage.

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2
Q

Evil

A

That which is considered extremely immoral, wicked and wrong.

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3
Q

Forgiveness

A

To grant pardon for a wrongdoing; to give up resentment and the desire to seek revenge against a wrongdoer.

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4
Q

Free will

A

The ability to make choices voluntarily and independently. The belief that nothing is pre-determined.

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5
Q

Justice

A

Fairness; where everyone has equal provisions and opportunity.

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6
Q

Morality

A

Principles and standards determining which actions are right and wrong.

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7
Q

Punishment

A

A penalty given to someone for a crime or wrongdoing that they have done.

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8
Q

Sin

A

Deliberate immoral action, breaking a religious or moral law.

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9
Q

Suffering

A

Pain or distress caused by and injury, illness or loss. Suffering can be physical, emotional/psychological or spiritual.

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10
Q

Conscience

A

An inner voice which keeps a person on the right track; a sense of right and wrong to help us to make the right choices.

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11
Q

Utilitarianism

A

The belief that a good act is one that brings the greatest good for the greatest number.

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12
Q

Reformer

A

Someone who lobbies or pressurises for change.

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13
Q

Quaker

A

A Christian denomination whose central belief is that every human being contains a reflection of the image of God.

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14
Q

Prison Chaplain

A

A religious minister who is usually attached to non-religious institutions such as hospitals, prisons, schools or universities to provide pastoral care.

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15
Q

Parole officer

A

A person who supports prisoners on their release from prison and their return to the community.

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16
Q

Death penalty

A

Punishment through executing the criminal. Also known as Capital Punishment.

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17
Q

Humane

A

Showing kindness and compassion

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18
Q

Exoneration

A

A conviction from a crime being reversed, either because the prisoner is innocent, or there was an error with the trial that led to a conviction.

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19
Q

Reconciliation

A

Accepting an apology, forgiving and moving forward together in harmony.

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20
Q

Beatitudes

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A

The teachings of Jesus during the Sermon on the Mount in which he describes the actions and attitudes that make us Christians and by which one can discover genuine meaning and happiness.

21
Q

Shaytan

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A

Satan or the devil in Islam

22
Q

Sadaqah

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A

Voluntary charity given out of kindness. Different to zakah, which is compulsory charity.

23
Q

Moral Evil

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A

A result of humans acting in a way that is morally wrong.

24
Q

Natural Evil

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A

Events that have nothing to do with humans, and which are to do with the way the world is. Cannot be stopped or affected by human action.

25
Original sin
The first sin ever committed - when Eve ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. The action that brought sin and evil into the world.
26
Persecution
Persistently cruel treatment, often due to religion or belief.
27
Fate
A power or force that determines the future. The idea that the outcome is predetermined or unchangeable - inevitable and irresistible.
28
Predestination
The belief that all events have been willed by God. The idea that God has already chosen who will receive salvation and enter heaven.
29
Shari'ah law
Muslim law based upon the Qur'an.
30
Restorative Justice
A system of justice that enables criminals to make amends for their behaviour by meeting their victim and apologising.
31
Existentialism
A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions
32
Hedonism
self indulgence; pleasure-seeking
33
Prison reformers
John Howard and Elizabeth Fry were all examples of those that felt there was injustice in the justice system that needed to be changed.
34
Irenaus' view on the problem of evil
His view was that humans are made imperfect in their concious knowledge of God. We must make morally correct choices to become more like God throughout the test of life.
35
Hick's view on the problem of evil
He developed his views from Irenaeus' concept of moral imperfection at birth. He coined the term 'epistemic distance' that identifies humans are born at a distance in knowledge from God. This means to pass the test of life humans must pursue the knowledge of God through moral decision making.
36
Inconsistent triad
The idea that the set of charachteristics associated to God (omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent) cannot all exist at the same time as evil being in existence.
37
Incarnation
God becoming man. Jesus is God in human form.
38
Privation of Good
The view of evil held by Augustine. Evil corrupts good and takes goodness away.
39
How does religion explain suffering?
It helps people understand/learn/cope with it.
40
Baptism
original sin cleaned at baptism. "Man's heart is evil from its youth"
41
St. Augustine and privation
He tells us that: Evil helps us appreciate goodness. Evil is a thing. God didn't create it. Evil/suffering makes us better. If many people do good things, then evil will be removed.
42
Thomas Aquinas
He argued that you need to do good and avoid evil. He believed in a voice telling us to do what is good and to avoid evil.
43
Why is suffering good?
Jesus suffered on the cross so that we could be closer to God. When we suffer we are closer to God because we know what Jesus went through.
44
Which virtues help us during suffering?
faith, hope, love, justice, wisdom, strength. This is because they "drive us to go to God"
45
In the Beatitudes, Jesus teaches us:
live a simple life, be kind to the weak, work to do good, be a peace maker, show mercy, trust God when you suffer
46
Nicene Creed
The formal statement of faith commonly said during the Eucharist. It tells us that there is one God, a son God, Father and holy spirit. They are all equal to eachother.
47
St. Augustine on evil
The fall of Adam and Eve means there is evil in the world. It is when fallen angels disobey God and separate themselves from God. God didn't make evil, it was humans who chose to separate from God because they had choices.It is a privation of goodness. The incarnation and evil: Jesus is the son of God.
48
Was Jesus the source of moral authority?
He told us what to do and how to behave, he was/is a role model, Some think the bible is true so it guides us on how to live our lives

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