GOPSEA Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Luzon 1990 Earthquake Magnitude
A
Ms 7.8
2
Q
Average Velocities of Pacific, Eurasian and Indo-Australian Plates
A
80, 3, 107 mm/yr respectively
3
Q
West Philippine Basin comprises ____% of the PSP.
A
50%
4
Q
WPB Two stage opening by Hilde and Lee (1984)
A
Stage 1: 60-45 Ma, NE-SW, 4.4 cm/yr half spread rate
Stage 2: 45-35 Ma, N-S, 1.8 cm/yr half spread rate
5
Q
Draw and Label the parts of PSP
A
(Search)
6
Q
Represents the volcanic arc formed by the transformation of an old transform fault into a subduction zone arising from the kinematic reorganization of PSP around ____ Ma.
A
Palau-Kyushu Ridge; 43 Ma
7
Q
____ Marianas Ridge is active today. ____ Marianas Ridge is active between 20-9 Ma.
A
East; West
8
Q
The three main kinematic parameters of the PSP with respect to Eurasia.
A
- Rotation pole located NE of Japan
- Relative displacement rate variation from N (3 cm/yr) to S on the southern end of Ph Trench (9 cm/yr)
- Relative displacement direction from N (clockwise addition) to S (counterclockwise addition)
9
Q
Prior to PSP present day kinematics WNW since 5 Ma, the plate was moving _______.
A
NNW or northwardly
10
Q
The marginal basins: SCS, Sulu Sea, and Celebes Sea is the result of _____________ within ________ times.
A
Lithospheric thinning, Neogene
11
Q
Opening of SCS allowed the drifting away of __________ block from mainland China.
A
Palawan-Mindoro microcontinental block
12
Q
Corresponds to a volcanic arc that was active until the end of early Miocene
A
Cagayan Ridge
13
Q
________________ is manifested as a group of islands with some classified in ________________ times with one active volcano named: Bud Dajo
A
Sulu-Zamboanga Arc; Pleistocene-Holocene
14
Q
The only volcano at which humans witnessed its birth and thus the most studied volcano.
A
Paricutin
15
Q
What are the 4 existing models of origin of marginal basins.
A
Back-arc basin, Continental Domain basin, Extrusion tectonics basin, and Trapped basin
16
Q
Describe the subduction of PSP under the PH arc along the PH trench.
A
Subduction is youngest North of the trench and is propagating south due to shallow benioff zones (20° at N, 45° at S)
17
Q
Why is the PH trench considered a nascent subduction zone.
A
Compressive structures that should exist due to the subduction zone are simply absent.
18
Q
Represents the subduction of SCS under Luzon Arc
A
Manila Trench
19
Q
This trench is deep in its southern portion but flattens off towards the north.
A
Manila Trench
20
Q
It is where the oceanic crust of Sulu Sea Basin is being consumed.
A
Negros Trench
21
Q
This feature (what direction) appears to link Cotabato Trench and Negros Trench.
A
Cotabato Fault (left-lateral)
22
Q
It represents an active orogenic belt resulting from the collision of the western edge of the PSP with the Eurasian margin. When did it initiate?
A
Taiwan (continent-arc collision); along kinematic reorganization (Pliocene-4Ma)
23
Q
Here, the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent enters into collision with the central portion of PMB. What age did it initiate?
A
Mindoro- Panay (arc-continent collision); Miocene (along cessation of SCS accretion)
24
Q
Represents double-vergent subduction that causes the collision of two active volcanic arcs in Mindanao. When did the collision initiate?
A
Moluccas Sea (arc-arc collision); Late Miocene
25
Philippine archipelago can be divided into 2 geologic entities.
PMB and Palawan-Mindoro microcontinental block
26
The following are all pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin, except:
North Palawan, Zamboanga, Bicol, Eastern Mindanao, Panay, Mindoro
Bicol and Eastern Mindanao (Both are from Cretaceous metamorphic rocks og insular arc affinity)
27
Early-Late Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks.
a. Montalban
b. Palawan
c. NE Luzon
d. Zambales
e. Mindoro
NE Luzon, and Montalban
28
Eocene ophiolitic rocks
a. Montalban
b. Palawan
c. NE Luzon
d. Zambales
e. Mindoro
Palawan and Zambales
29
Oligocene ophiolitic rocks
a. Montalban
b. Palawan
c. NE Luzon
d. Zambales
e. Mindoro
Mindoro
30
Enumerate the Five active volcanic arcs bounding the Philippine archipelago.
1. Luzon Volcanic Arc
2. East-Philippine Volcanic Arc
3. Negros-Panay Arc
4. Sulu-Zamboanga Arc
5. Cotabato Arc
31
Oil was discovered in Nido, Palawan in _______
a. 1973
b. 1976
c. 1978
d. 1986
1976
32
This basin is structurally controlled by Vigan-Aggao Fault. North: Seds derived from __________. West: Turbidites overlie __________ ophiolites. East: Significant volcanic sources.
Ilocos-Central Luzon Basin, Central Cordillera, Zambales
33
Basin related to Miocene to Pliocene shallow-marine transition to river-related sediments. It is gently sloping westward, while the western side is more deformed. Includes coal, turbidites, and intrusions.
Cagayan Valley Basin
34
The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
Answer: **Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin**
***Mindoro Basin*** - Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block and SCS ophiolitic crust_. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
***Iloilo Basin*** - _Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
***Visayan Sea Basin*** - A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
***Samar Basin*** - Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_.
***Cotabato Basin*** - This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
35
Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block and SCS ophiolitic crust_. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
Answer: **Mindoro Basin**
***Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin*** - The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
***Iloilo Basin*** - _Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
***Visayan Sea Basin*** - A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
***Samar Basin*** - Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_.
***Cotabato Basin*** - This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
36
_Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
Answer: **Iloilo Basin**
***Mindoro Basin*** - Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block_ and SCS ophiolitic crust. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
***Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin*** - The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
***Visayan Sea Basin*** - A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
***Samar Basin*** - Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_.
***Cotabato Basin*** - This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
37
It is the thickest and deepest basin in the Philippines
Agusan-Davao Basin (>12km)
38
A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
Answer: **Visayan Sea Basin**
***Mindoro Basin*** - Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block_ and SCS ophiolitic crust. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
***Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin*** - The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
***Iloilo Basin*** - _Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
***Samar Basin*** - Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_.
***Cotabato Basin*** - This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
39
Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_
Answer: **Samar Basin**
***Mindoro Basin*** - Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block_ and SCS ophiolitic crust. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
***Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin*** - The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
***Iloilo Basin*** - _Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
***Visayan Sea Basin*** - A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
***Cotabato Basin*** - This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
40
This basin is mainly of relatively _undeformed shallow marine deposits, grading into deltaic and fluviatile deposits toward South_. Upper Miocene - Pleistocene deposits are exposed.
Answer: **Cotabato Basin**
***Mindoro Basin*** - Tertiary deposits of this basin are _from North Palawan Block_ and SCS ophiolitic crust. Tuffs, tuffites, and volcanic conglomerates.
***Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin*** - The lower layers of this basin are composed of limestones and highly deformed turbidites. _Traversed longitudinally by PH fault_. Youngest are shallow water deposits and reefal limestones.
***Iloilo Basin*** - _Asymmetric basin_ in the Philippines filled with deformed and uplifted Oligocene-Miocene deposits and relatively undeformed Quaternary deposits. Thrust over volcaniclastics developed over an _ophiolitic and melange basement_.
***Visayan Sea Basin*** - A basin _installed unconformably over a deformed volcaniclastic basement_. Plio-Pleistocene layers are separated by at least 3 major unconformities.
***Samar Basin*** - Basin with similar stratigraphic characteristics as Visayan Sea Basin. Oligocene-Miocene _volcaniclastics unconformably overlie mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rocks_.
41
To establish a clear relationship between seismicity and activity along Philippine Fault, the __________ earthquake of ______ reopened debates on this particular problem.
Ragay Gulf Earthquake M7.3 of 1973
42
Age, length, and slip rate of PH Fault
< 5 Ma, 1200km, 2-3 cm/yr
43
Segment of the Philippine Fault where _movement is both strike-slip and a more dominant vertical thrusting_. North of Dingalan Bay, the fault branches out into several strike-slip faults oriented N-S.
Answer: **Northern Segment: NW Luzon to Lamon Bay**
***Central Segment: Bondoc Peninsula to Leyte*** - Segment of PH fault characterized by its _relatively simple structure_.
***Southern Segment: Mindanao and the Moluccas*** - Segment of PH Fault that displays _southward decrease in slip rate_ from 2.4 cm/yr to 1.0 cm/yr. It is said that the fault reactivates old normal faults related to the formation of the Agusan-Davao Basin.
44
TRUE OR FALSE. Luzon 1990 earthquake has considerable amount of vertical component.
FALSE
45
Segment of PH fault characterized by its _relatively simple structure_.
Answer: **Central Segment: Bondoc Peninsula to Leyte**
***Northern Segment: NW Luzon to Lamon Bay*** - Segment of the Philippine Fault where _movement is both strike-slip and a more dominant vertical thrusting_. North of Dingalan Bay, the fault branches out into several strike-slip faults oriented N-S.
***Southern Segment: Mindanao and the Moluccas*** - Segment of PH Fault that displays _southward decrease in slip rate_ from 2.4 cm/yr to 1.0 cm/yr. It is said that the fault reactivates old normal faults related to the formation of the Agusan-Davao Basin.
46
Segment of PH Fault that displays _southward decrease in slip rate_ from 2.4 cm/yr to 1.0 cm/yr. It is said that the fault reactivates old normal faults related to the formation of the Agusan-Davao Basin.
Answer: **Southern Segment: Mindanao and the Moluccas**
***Northern Segment: NW Luzon to Lamon Bay*** - Segment of the Philippine Fault where _movement is both strike-slip and a more dominant vertical thrusting_. North of Dingalan Bay, the fault branches out into several strike-slip faults oriented N-S.
***Central Segment: Bondoc Peninsula to Leyte*** - Segment of PH fault characterized by its _relatively simple structure_.
47
This describes the mechanism of Ph Fault stating that, the fault accomodates a component of the oblique convergence between PSP and the archipelago.
Shear Partitioning
48
This fault consists of two NE trending faults, dominantly right-lateral. The eastern segment is said to be young because of the unconsolidated nature of the alluvium. No recent seismic activity yet.
Valley Fault System
49
This fault corresponds to the alignment of recent and active volcanoes like Taal, Banahaw, Makiling, Malepunyo, and the maars of Laguna province. It's northern boundary is marked by the Tagaytay Ridge. What slip direction?
Macolod Corridor, left-lateral
50
This fault structure play a significant role in the transition from subduction along the Manila trench to collision in the Mindoro-Palawan-Panay area. What is the slip direction?
Luband-Verde Passage Fault System (left-lateral)
51
This fault produced a M7.1 earthquake in 1994 and caused considerable damage to coastal areas of northeastern Mindoro. What is the slip direction?
Mindoro/Aglubang fault (right lateral)
52
It is a new branch of the PH Fault (Bischke et al., 1990) and functions independently from it (Aurelio, 1992). It is relayed with the Verde Passage fault by an aborted spreading center under a transtensional tectonic regime. Slip direction?
Sibuyan Sea Fault (left-lateral)
53
This fault is a manifestation of a dilational jog along a left-lateral fault system. In the Ragay Gulf area, this structure is clearly evident on seismic profiles and appears to interact with the PH fault close to shore in Buenavista, Quezon.
Legaspi Lineament
54
This fault is a tectonic boundary between the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinental block and the western edge of the PMB. Appears to connect to the Negros Trench southwards. Slip movement?
Tablas Lineament (right lateral)
55
This fault has two distinct segments that separate the Daguma Range from the Cotabato Basin. It seems to cut the Mt. Parker Volcano thus it is of young age along with the uplift of the Daguma Range.
Mindanao Fault
56
It is a 42 station network project that allowed the analysis of the present day motion of tectonic blocks in and around the Philippines.
GEODYSSEA (Geodynamics of South and Southeast Asia)
57
The accretion of _________ and _________ may have a significant influence on the westerly relative plate motion observed in the Davao station. Meaning there might be a possible seismic gap along the Davao-Tagum area.
Sangihe and Halmahera arc
58
Continentally derived basement rocks include sedimentary, carbonate, and igneous rocks found in ________, __________, __________, and _________. These rocks are believed to have been originated from _________ before the opening of SCS between 32 Ma and 17 Ma
Palawan, Mindoro, western Panay, Romblon Island Group; mainland Asia
59
Youngest basement rocks
Amnay Ophiolite of Mindoro (Late Oligocene)
60
These rocks are composed of volcaniclastic sequences and are as widespread as ophiolites.
Arc Basement Rocks
61
The oldest rocks in the Philippines are found in ______ and consist of _________ rocks
Palawan; Middle Carboniferous limestones
62
Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan is indexed by conodont _________________ at age __________.
Answer: ***Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
63
This formation is indexed by **conodonts** Priodiodella periodic dellides and Neohindeodella uniforma **and radiolarians aged Triassic**
Answer: **Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan (Triassic)**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
64
Basement of the sequence in Iloilo
a. Halcon Metamorphic Complex
b. Suyo Schist
c. Abuan Formation
d. Isabela Ophiolite
Suyo Schist
65
Basement of Northern Sierra Madre
a. Halcon Metamorphic Complex
b. Suyo Schist
c. Abuan Formation
d. Isabela Ophiolite
Isabela Ophiolite
66
Basement of Cagayan Valley Basin
a. Halcon Metamorphic Complex
b. Suyo Schist
c. Abuan Formation
d. Isabela Ophiolite
Abuan Formation
67
Basement of northeastern Mindoro.
a. Halcon Metamorphic Complex
b. Suyo Schist
c. Abuan Formation
d. Isabela Ophiolite
Halcon Metamorphic Complex
68
This formation is indexed by **3 ammonites**: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* **aged Jurassic**
Answer: **Mansalay Formation**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
69
Syenite and alkali rocks also occur as Oligocene intrusions in northern Luzon.
Cordon Syenite Complex
70
Sedimentary melanges, represent the products of ancient submarine mass transport processes.
Olistrosome
71
In Palawan island, there is strong evidence of major subduction event occuring in the __________.
Mesozoic
72
_____________ found in continental Palawan and sporadically in the central PMB are evidence of sedimentary deposition in deep water marine environment during this time.
Eocene turbidites
73
From _____________ to ____________ depositional environments became shallower giving rise to shallow marine clastics, carbonates, and finally fluvial deposits.
Middle Miocene to Pleistocene
74
The Ocean that separated Laurentia and Baltica.
Iapetus Ocean
75
What type of basin are the following?
a. Bicol Shelf
b. Cotabato Basin
c. Sulu Sea Basin
d. Reed Bank Basin
Bicol Shelf (Forearc)
Cotabato Basin (Backarc)
Sulu Sea Basin (Backarc)
Reed Bank Basin (Rift basin)
76
What type of basin are the following?
a. Agusan Davao Basin
b. NW Palawan Basin
c. SW Palawan Basin
d. E Palawan Basin
e. SE Luzon Basin
f. W Luzon Basin
g. Central Luzon Basin
a. Agusan Davao Basin (Forearc)
b. NW Palawan Basin (Rift)
c. SW Palawan Basin (Rift)
d. E Palawan Basin (Forearc)
e. SE Luzon Basin (Backarc)
f. W Luzon Basin (Forearc)
g. Central Luzon Basin (Forearc)
77
What type of basins are the following:
a. Ilocos Basin
b. West Masbate-Iloilo Basin
c. Mindoro-Cuyo Basin
d. Cagayan Valley Basin
e. Visayas Sea Basin
a. Ilocos Basin (Forearc)
b. West Masbate-Iloilo Basin (Forearc)
c. Mindoro-Cuyo Basin (Rift)
d. Cagayan Valley Basin (Backarc)
e. Visayas Sea Basin (Backarc)
78
Number of Islands in Ph
7641
79
Number of Active, Potentially Active, and Inactive Volcanoes in the PH
24, 27, and 300 respectively
80
Total Land Area of the PH
a. 125,863 km2
b. 71,503 km2
c. 104,530 km2
d. 343,448 km2
a. 125,863 km2 (Luzon)
b. 71,503 km2 (Visayas)
c. 104,530 km2 (Mindanao)
d. 343,448 km2 (Philippines)
81
EEZ area of the PH
a. 2,263,816 km2
b. 3,127,112 km2
c. 343,448 km2
d. 197,336 km2
2,263,816 km2
82
The a.) highest bridge and the b.) longest bridge in the Ph.
a.) Agas-Agas Bridge (89 m)
b.) Cebu-Cordova Bridge (2.1 km)
83
The highest point in a.) Luzon, b.) Visayas, and c.) Mindanao. Which among the three is the highest mountain in all PH?
a.) Mt. Pulag - 2,928 masl
b.) Mt. Kanlaon - 2,465 masl
c.) Mt. Apo - 2,954 masl (highest mountain)
84
Largest Earthquake in PH
Moro Gulf Earthquake - Mw 8.1
85
Total Coastline Length of PH.
a.) 71,503 km
b.) 36,289 km
c.) 104,530 km
d.) 27,753 km
36,289 km
86
Largest lake in PH
Laguna de Bay (903 km2)
87
Deepest Lake in Ph
Lake Mainit - 223 m
88
Strongest Typhoon recorded in Ph
Typhoon Yolanda (November 2013), 315 km/h
89
Largest recent volcanic eruption
1991 Pinatubo Eruption - VEI 6
90
Hottest Recorded Temperature in PH
Tuguegarao City (42.2°C)
91
Strongest Typhoon in the PH
Typhoon Yolanda (int'l: Haiyan) - 2013
92
Southernmost point in the PH
a. Amianan Island
b. Frances Reef
c. Pusan Point
d. Thitu Island
a. Amianan Island, Batanes (Northernmost)
b. Frances Reef, Tawi-tawi (Southernmost)
c. Pusan Point, Davao Oriental (Easternmost)
d. Thitu Island, Palawan (Westernmost)
93
Largest Reclamation Project in PH
Manila Bay Freeport Zone - 6.6 km2
94
A fault that is the tectonic boundary between Palawan-Mindoro microcontinental block and the western edge of PMB. Connects Negros Trench northwards to Mindoro-Panay Collision Zone
Tablas Lineament
95
It is the oldest basement formation found in Palawan indexed by *Gondollela rossen krantzi*. What is the age?
Answer: **Bacuit Formation (Permian)**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
96
It is the basement formation of the Cagayan Valley.
a. Mansalay Formation
b. Halcon Metamorphic Complex
c. Talisay Schist
d. Abuan Formation
a. Mansalay Formation (Southwest Mindoro)
b. Halcon Metamorphic Complex (Northeast Mindoro)
c. Talisay Schist (Ticao Island)
d. Abuan Formation (Cagayan Valley)
97
It is the basement formation of Northern Cordillera.
a. Suyo Schist
b. Pugo Formation
c. Lepanto Metavolcanics
d. Agno Batholith
a. Suyo Schist (Northern Cordillera)
b. Pugo Formation (Southern Cordillera Range)
c. Lepanto Metavolcanics (Central Cordillera Range)
d. Agno Batholith (Central Cordillera Diorite Complex)
98
It is the basement rock of Southern Sierra Madre (mainland)
a. Isabela Ophiolite
b. Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
c. Montalban Ophiolitic Complex
d. Gumaca Schist
a. Isabela Ophiolite (Northern Sierra Madre)
b. Buhang Ophiolitic Complex (Southern Sierra Madre - Caraballo)
c. Montalban Ophiolitic Complex (Southern Sierra Madre - Mainland)
d. Gumaca Schist (Bondoc Peninsula)
99
The holocene rock formation in Luzon
a. Malaya Formation
b. Awiden Mesa Formation
c. Banahaw Volcanic Complex
d. Manila Formation
Manila Formation
100
The Bohol Earthquake in 2013 was primarily associated with which type of fault?
Reverse fault with minor strike slip
101
Taiwan subduction, when
did it occur?
late Miocene
102
It was the deadliest recorded earthquake in history.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake
103
*Orbitulina* fossil is found in what formation?
Answer: **Pandan Formation (Cretaceous)**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
104
What formation is the oldest index fossil found in the Philippines?
Answer: ***Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous) - Punso Conglomerate**
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
105
The Permian index fossils *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* are found in what formation?
Answer: **Minilog Formation**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
***Angat Formation*** - *Globigerinoides* (Miocene)
106
Indexed by *Globigerinoides* fossils in Miocene. What formation?
Answer: **Angat Formation**
***Punso Conglomerate*** - *Gshelia sp.* (Carboniferous)
***Minilog Formation*** - *Schwagerina sp. and Verbeekina sp.* (Permian)
***Bacuit Formation of Northern Palawan*** - *Gondolella rosen krantzi* (Permian)
***Liminangsong Formation of Northern Palawan*** - Conodonts and radiolarians (Triassic)
***Mansalay Formation*** - 3 ammonites: *Perisphinctes faliabulious, Macrocephalites fabi, and zmeekoceras seeleyi* (Jurassic)
***Pandan Formation*** - *Orbitulina* (Cretaceous)
107
It is the basement rock of Bondoc Peninsula
a. Isabela Ophiolite
b. Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
c. Montalban Ophiolitic Complex
d. Gumaca Schist
a. Isabela Ophiolite (Northern Sierra Madre)
b. Buhang Ophiolitic Complex (Southern Sierra Madre - Caraballo)
c. Montalban Ophiolitic Complex (Southern Sierra Madre - Mainland)
d. Gumaca Schist (Bondoc Peninsula)
