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HISTORY FRG > gov and politcal change > Flashcards

gov and politcal change Flashcards

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1
Q

when did germany surrender

A

7th may 1945

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2
Q

what was decided at the yalta conference feb 1945

A

-germany divided into four military zones between US, USSR, GB + FRA
-zones administered by each of the allies

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3
Q

what was decidied at the potsdam conference

A

denazifaction
demilitarisation
deindutrialisation
democratisation

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4
Q

what new currency was created

A

deutschmark

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5
Q

what was the berlin blockade

A

the Soviet Union blocked all road, rail, and canal access to West Berlin. The Soviets wanted to force the Western Allies out of Berlin by cutting off supplies, hoping to gain control over the entire city.

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6
Q

whats the berlin airlift

A

supply West Berlin with food, fuel, and other essentials by air. For almost a year, planes flew thousands of flights daily to keep the city alive.
The blockade failed because the airlift worked, and the Soviets lifted the blockade in May 1949. This event marked one of the first major conflicts of the Cold War and deepened the division between East and West.

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7
Q

who were the CDU/CSU

A

christian democratic union
idea of social support for the poorest was common amongst these faith based groups

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8
Q

who were the new reformed SPD

A

made their policies more radical than KPD- nationalisation of banks, land and key industries as well as welfare reforms

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9
Q

who were the new reformed KPD

A

didnt want the creation of soviet style system
stressed they wanted german socialsim

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10
Q

who were the FDP

A

number of small liberal groups pursued centrist polciies

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11
Q

What is the Basic Law?

A

The Basic Law (Grundgesetz) is the constitution of West Germany (FRG), created in 1949 to establish a democratic government.

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12
Q

Why was the Basic Law created?

A

replace the failed Weimar Constitution and prevent the problems that led to dictatorship, ensuring a stable democracy.

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13
Q

What are some key features of the Basic Law?

A

Federal system (power shared between national and state governments)

Strong protections for democracy and rule of law

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14
Q

How does the Basic Law prevent extremism?

A

It includes a 5% electoral threshold to stop small extremist parties from gaining seats in parliament.

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15
Q

How does the Basic Law protect democracy?

A

It limits presidential powers, strengthens the parliament (Bundestag), and sets up a Constitutional Court to protect democratic principles.

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16
Q

What does Article 1 of the Basic Law guarantee?

A

Human dignity is inviolable and must be respected and protected by all state authority.

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17
Q

What is the federal structure in the Basic Law?

A

Power is divided between the national government and 16 Länder (states), preventing centralisation like in the Nazi era.

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18
Q

What is covered in Article 20?

A

Establishes Germany as a democratic and social federal state; all state authority is derived from the people.

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19
Q

What does Article 21 say about political parties?

A

Political parties must conform to democratic principles. Parties that threaten democracy can be banned by the Federal Constitutional Court.

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20
Q

what percent of votes did the CDU/CSU get in 1957

A

50.3%

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21
Q

what does no experiments mean

A

he meant that West Germany should avoid radical political or social changes and instead focus on stability, gradual progress, and rebuilding after the chaos of the Weimar Republic and Nazi era.

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22
Q

what was the collective bargaining law on industrial relations 1949

Study These Flashcards
A

unions had legal rights to negociate on behalf of members and to take industrial action if neccesssary
co determination: workers encoruaged to particiapte in decision making processes

23
Q

what was the construction law 1950

Study These Flashcards
A

grants provided to lander and cities to encourage large scale building projects and to reduce the need for temporary accomdation
building of 4 million new homes

24
Q

what was equalisation of burdens act 1952

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A

offered compensation to the victims of the wartime bombing campaigns
most significant redistribution of income in german history
126 bil by 1983

25
what was the work consultation law 1952
encouraged the establishment of worker consultative councils in any enterprise where 20 or more people were employed reduced tensions between employers and employees
26
what was the pensions act 1957
those working would make contributions through their taxes towards the pensions of those who were retired
27
what was the enforcing constitional ban on anti democratic parties under article 21 of the consitition
the neo nazis socialist reich party were banned under article 21 in the consitition KPD communists banned in 1956 ensured all parties represented democracy
28
how did adenaeur fix relations with the west
oversaw the FRGS entry into the council of europe and the organisation for eurpoean economic cooperation
29
how did adenauer get FRG in NATO
in may 1955, frg admitted to NATO Through paris agreements in 1954
30
what were the paris agreements 1954
The Paris Accords were agreements between the Western Allies (USA, UK, France) and West Germany. They allowed West Germany to: -Regain sovereignty (end Allied occupation officially in 1955). -Join NATO as a full member in 1955. -Establish the Bundeswehr, West Germany’s new armed forces.
31
how did the EEC strenghten FRG
-ensured they didnt become drawn to USA econimcally -access to a large common market boosted trade and industrial growth. -Removal of tariffs and trade barriers made German exports cheaper and more competitive. -Helped West Germany recover quickly and sustain its Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle).
32
what were the consequences of adenaeur not visiting berlin when berlin wall was constructed
by 1961, CDU lost their majority in parliament
33
what was the der spiegel affair?
editors of the der speigel magazine were arressted, there was widespread protests as many thought the government was too authoritarian. led to adenaurs resignation
34
in what year did the CDU lose their majority in parliament
1961
35
what were the votes for the SPD in 1957
32%
36
How did Erhard help germany?
Introduced free market reforms (ordoliberalism) within a social framework: Erhard was the architect of the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle) Introduced a new currency (Deutsche Mark) in 1948.
37
How did Keisinger impact germany
Kiesinger led a coalition government of the two major parties (CDU/CSU and SPD Provided political stability during a time of economic challenge. Helped prepare the SPD for future leadership, notably under Willy Brandt
38
how did willy brandt impact germany?
led the first SPD gov in the FRG offered a reformist agenda
39
what was ostopolik?
Signed treaties with Poland (1970) and the USSR (1970), recognising postwar borders (e.g., Oder–Neisse Line). Basic Treaty (1972) with the GDR: improved communication, trade, and family visits between East and West Germany. Promoted peaceful coexistence during the Cold War without abandoning West Germany's Western alignment. Eased East–West tensions (détente). Gave the FRG more international credibility. Helped ordinary Germans reconnect with relatives across the border.
40
what was the hallestein doctrine?
Hallstein Doctrine stated that the FRG would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any country (except the USSR) that officially recognised GDR as a legitimate state.
41
how did schmidt impact germany
formed coalition in 1976 with FDP supported ostopolik and dealt with terrorism posed by RAF reduced inflation by tightening public spending in the later years Deepened ties with the EEC
42
how did kohl impact germany
Cut public spending. Promoted free-market policies. Supported the social market economy with a more neoliberal edge. Cemented Germany’s leadership role in Europe and ensured that reunification did not cause fear among neighbours. Proposed a 10-point plan for reunification just days after the Wall fell
43
what was kohls 10 point plan
Immediate humanitarian and economic aid to East Germany. Development of cooperation in areas like the economy, transport, environment, and culture. Reassured East Germans of West Germany’s support without being too aggressive. Reassured the international community (especially France, UK, USSR) that West Germany remained committed to peace and European stability. Set the tone for negotiations leading to German reunification in 1990.
44
which party opposed ostopolik
CDU/CSU
45
who were the party of german federation of trade unions
group of trade unions who wanted to help workers have a stronger and more united voice kohls conservative policies led to strikes and disputes
46
who were the greens party
won 5-12% of the vote in 1980 deployment of missiles in germany led to people supporting the greens party
47
what were anti nuclear movements
anti nuclear protests attracted crowds over a quater of a million people in 1981 2.7mil signed a petition against the deployment of missles (KREFIELD APPEAL)
48
who were the DKP
recieved finacing from GDR and never won more than 50,000 members reformed party
49
who were the NPD
won seats in 7 state parliaments, failed to win 5% to get representation in bundestag
50
what was the flick affair
FDP finance minister had to resign in 1984 due to a scandal over tax exemptions a company which made a donation to the FDP party had been allowed to sell shares without paying taxes
51
what was the barschel engholm affair
press alleged that the president of the state of schleswig holstein had bugged the offices of his main rival to find evidence he was guilty of tax evasion
52
whats the guillaiume spy scandel
key aide of brandt was a spy for the GDR and they passed important docs to east germany which forced brandt to resign
53

HISTORY FRG (4 decks)

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