Gov Test 3

Question 1

13th amendment

Answer 1

1865 - Abolishes slavery - one of the biggest inequalities

Question 2

14th amendment

Answer 2

1868 - establishes the basic idea of citizenship; guarantees the “equal protection of the law”

Question 3

15th amendment

Answer 3

1870, Prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Question 4

Literacy Test

Answer 4

Blacks often lack education, therefore tests on the Constitution did not go well for them

Question 5

Poll tax

Answer 5

Impacted blacks more because they were poor

Question 6

Grandfather clause

Answer 6

If your grandfather voted, then you could vote. Only white people could.

Question 7

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 7

Allows discrimination even by the state under the principle of “separate but equal”

Question 8

Lynching

Answer 8

The murder of blacks by white mobs (1880-1950: c, 5,000 victims)

Question 9

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 9

Outlaws segregation by law in education and overturns Plessy v. Ferguson. Not immediately enforced

Question 10

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

Answer 10

1955 - Rosa parks refuses to give up her seat to a white man –> city-wide bus boycott –> a court decision that ends segregation in transportation

Question 11

Sit-Ins 1960

Answer 11

1960 - challenge segregation at lunch counters

Question 12

Birmingham Clash

Answer 12

1963 - Challenged segregation city-wide; violent response

Question 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 13

• Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations (restaurants, theaters, stores) and employment
• A response to the Civil Rights Movement, spearheaded by Pres. Johnson

Question 14

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 14

• Selma –> Montgomery March highlights voting right issues
• No discrimination in voting/registration (no lit. tests; fed. officials can register AA to vote instead)

Question 15

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Answer 15

• Prohibits discrimination in housing
• Prohibits red-lining (denying mortgages in minority neighborhoods)

Question 16

de facto segregation

Answer 16

In education - minorities still largely segregated based on housing patterns (their schools get less money)

Question 17

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 17

1848 - Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments - calling for the equality of women. Sets voting rights as a key role

Question 18

19th amendment

Answer 18

1920 - guarantees the women the right to vote in the US

Question 19

Equal pay act

Answer 19

1963 - No sex discrimination in salaries. Wage gap persists (80%)

Question 20

Title IX

Answer 20

Prohibits gender discrimination in education (outlaws sexual harassment, provides equal support for women’s’ athletics)

Question 21

Equal rights amendment

Answer 21

1970 - failure - Opponents argues that women might be forced to work in the military, might not receive alimony

Question 22

american indian movement

Answer 22

1970s - use forceful tacti to draw attention to Native American Rights (ex. Hostage taking at wounded knee)

Question 23

Cesar Chavez

Answer 23

1960s - Hispanic Americans - works to organize agricultural workers to get better wages and working conditions

Question 24

Chinese exclusion

Answer 24

Asian Americans - 1882 - Chinese restricted from immigration and seeking citizenship until 1943

Question 25

Japanese internment

Answer 25

Asian Americans - WW2 1940s - 100,000 Japanese-Americans confined to internment camps out of unjustified fears of

Question 26

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 26

2003 - Protects same-sex relationships and people will not be charged with a crime when it is consensual

Question 27

"Don't Ask, Don't Tell"

Answer 27

Gays serve openly in the military

Question 28

Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 28

2015 - Required states to recognize same-sex marraiges

Question 29

Age discrimination act

Answer 29

1967/75 - prohibits age discrimination

Question 30

education of all handicapped Children Act

Answer 30

1975 - all children get free, appropriate education

Question 31

Americans with disabilities act

Answer 31

1990 - equal employment; physical access to buildings

Question 32

strict scrutiny

Answer 32

race - needs overwhelming justice

Question 33

intermediate scrutiny

Answer 33

Gender - needs compelling and justified purpose

Question 34

rational bias

Answer 34

Age, criminal record - needs sound rationale

Question 35

California Regents v. Bakke

Answer 35

1978 - Court rejects "quota" system

Question 36

Aderand v. Pena

Answer 36

1995 - no set-asides for minority-owned firms

Question 37

Grutter v. Bollinger

Answer 37

2013 - SC upholds race as a factor of limited weight in college admission *has essentially been overturned now*

Question 38

random selection

Answer 38

Limited number of people selected so that each has the same chance of being chosen; key to accurate polling

Question 39

margin of error

Answer 39

How far the poll may vary from the actual opinion

Question 40

sample

Answer 40

part of a population

Question 41

population

Answer 41

the whole

Question 42

social pressure

Answer 42

people may answer a question how they think they should (even if it is not accurate)

Question 43

direction

Answer 43

Favor or oppose

Question 44

intensity

Answer 44

How strongly the positions are held

Question 45

salience

Answer 45

How important in relation to other issues

Question 46

single-member districts

Answer 46

Not proportional representation - keeps out the third parties

Question 47

proportional representation

Answer 47

people who rep. the whole state. 60% of democrats would get those seats. 10% green would get those seates. precense of thrid parties

Question 48

third parties

Answer 48

other groups of people aside from the major parties (dem/rep.); minor parties (green, libertarian)

Question 49

party-in-the-electorate

Answer 49

Voters who identify with one political party. Self identify. Non-binding on voters. identify and recruit candidates, work polls, fundraising.

Question 50

party organization

Answer 50

Formal structure of the party. local/state/national levels; no chain of command. Activities like identifying and recruiting candidates, working polls, fundraising, getting out the vote, convention and platform

Question 51

party in government

Answer 51

party members chosen for political office. Congress and parties are increasingly polarized

Question 52

federalists

Answer 52

wanted a strong central government, favor elite, promote manufacturing

Question 53

democratic - republicans

Answer 53

Favored common people, states rights, farming

Question 54

Democrats

Answer 54

Favor westward expansion, oppose tariffs, oppose national bank, support states rights/segregation; appeal to farmers/immigrants

Question 55

Republicans

Answer 55

Favor rights for blacks; support industry, business owners

Question 56

Whigs

Answer 56

Favor government spending on roads, canals, railroads, tariffs