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gov test 4 definition's Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

Define public opinion

A

the collective attitudes and beliefs of individuals on one or more issues.

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2
Q

Define Ideology

A

An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual.

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3
Q

Define Value

A

the fundamental beliefs and principles that guide individuals’ attitudes and behaviors towards political processes and institutions.

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4
Q

Define attitude

A

A political attitude refers to an individual’s consistent beliefs, values, and feelings about political issues, policies, and institutions.

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5
Q

Define political socialization

A

The process by which people acquire political beliefs and values. - People acquire these beliefs through relationships with family, friends and co workers, web.

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6
Q

Define agents of socialization

A

It enacts laws that uphold social norms and values, and it also provides institutions and services that support citizens.

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7
Q

Define liberalism

A

Liberalism is a political and economic doctrine that emphasizes individual autonomy, equality of opportunity, and the protection of individual rights.

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8
Q

Define conservatism

A

political doctrine that emphasizes the value of traditional institutions and practices.

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9
Q

Define liberationism

A

Libertarianism is a political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value.

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10
Q

Define socialism

A

a populist economic and political system based on collective, common, or public ownership of the means of production.

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11
Q

Define random digit dialing

A

a method used in surveys where telephone numbers are selected at random from a given population to gather data on public opinion.

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12
Q

Define margin of error

A

is a statistical term that represents the amount of random sampling error in a survey’s results.

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13
Q

Define gender gap

A

between groups differences (i.e., how men and women differ from each other in their support for a candidate). The women’s vote refers to within-groups differences (i.e., the difference in women’s support for leading party’s candidate and trailing party’s candidate).

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14
Q

Define media

A

The collection of all forms of media that communicate information to the general public is called mass media, including television, print, radio, and Internet.

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15
Q

Where does the media get their protections from?

A

The first amendment.

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16
Q

Define broadcast media

A

covers a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and press.

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17
Q

Define media monopoly

A

A media monopoly occurs when a single company or entity dominates the media landscape, controlling a significant share of media outlets, platforms, or content.

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18
Q

Define watch dog

A

a group that watches the activities of a particular part of government in order to report illegal acts or problems

19
Q

Define citizen journalism

A

journalism that is conducted by people who are not professional journalists but who disseminate information using Web sites, blogs, and social media.

20
Q

Define ethical journalism

A

Ethical journalism means taking responsibility for one’s work and explaining one’s decisions to the public.

21
Q

Define principal of journalism

A

To inform and teach

22
Q

Define partisan media

A

Partisan media refers to news outlets and platforms that openly support a particular political party or ideology.

23
Q

Define adversarial journalism

A

a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the government and public officials.

24
Q

Define filter bubbles

A

Personalized web experience based on metrics about you and your history on the web

25
Define algorithms
An algorithm is a set of instructions that is designed to accomplish a task.
26
Define new aggregators
online platforms or services that collect and display news stories and articles from various sources in one place, allowing users to access a wide range of information quickly.
27
Define Misinformation
false or inaccurate information
28
Define fake news
information that is clearly and demonstrably fabricated and that has been packaged and distributed to appear as legitimate news.
29
Define collective journalism
is a practice where multiple journalists, news organizations, or media entities work together to produce news stories
30
Define sample
the relatively small number of individuals who are interviewed for the purpose of estimating the opinions of an entire population.
31
Define simple random sample
takes a small, random portion of the entire population to represent the entire data set, where each member has an equal probability of being chosen.
32
Define reliability quotient
a measure of the accuracy of a test or measuring instrument obtained by measuring the same individuals twice and computing the correlation of the two sets of measures.
33
Define validity quotient
Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (whether the results really do represent what they are supposed to measure).
34
Define quota
control the amount or volume of various commodities that can be imported into the United States during a specified period of time.
35
What is social desirability bias?
Social desirability bias occurs when respondents conceal their true opinion on a subject in order to make themselves look good to others.
36
Define bell weather
A bellwether refers to a geographic area whose political beliefs and voting preferences reflect that of a wider area.
37
Define bandwagon effect
a psychological phenomenon in which people do something primarily because other people are doing it, regardless of their own beliefs, which they may ignore or override.
38
Define bounce effect
A convention bounce or convention bump refers to an increase in support that U.S. presidential candidates in the Republican or Democratic party
39
Define framing
Framing is the process by which a source (a newspaper or TV news story, or perhaps a single individual) defines the essential problem underlying a particular social or political issue, and outlines a set of considerations purportedly relevant to that issue.
40
Define primary's
Primaries are elections that political parties use to select candidates for a general election. Then each party's candidates run against each other in the general election.
41
Define agenda setting
Agenda setting is the process by which media and political actors influence the importance placed on issues in the public agenda.
42
what is Telecommunicating act of 1996?
a comprehensive law overhauling regulation of the telecommunications industry, recognizes the importance of access to telecommunications for people with disabilities in the Information Age.
43
what impacted Telecommunicating act of 1996?
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is the first major overhaul of telecommunications law in almost 62 years.
44
Define agenda journalism
Agenda setting is the process by which media and political actors influence the importance placed on issues in the public agenda.