gov unit 3 vocab

Question 1

civil liberties

Answer 1

protections the Constitution provides against government power/abuse; due process

Question 2

civil rights

Answer 2

protecting certain groups against discrimination through legislation; equal protection

Question 3

bill of rights

Answer 3

first ten amendments focused on civil liberties

Question 4

1st amendment

Answer 4

religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

Question 5

establishment clause

Answer 5

from first amendment; government can’t show religious preference or establish a religion

Question 6

free exercise clause

Answer 6

from first amendment; citizens can express their religion freely

Question 7

limits on freedom of speech

Answer 7

“clear and present danger” test

Question 8

clear and present danger test

Answer 8

imminent threats are not allowed :/

Question 9

prior restraint

Answer 9

not allowed to censor press preeminently unless there is a great national security threat that the government can prove

Question 10

2nd amendment

Answer 10

“…necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed”

Question 11

4th amendment

Answer 11

unreasonable searches NOT allowed

Question 12

5th amendment

Answer 12

government CANNOT make you testify against/incriminate yourself; right to remain silent; federal government CANNOT deprived anyone of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

Question 13

6th amendment

Answer 13

criminal defendant rights; right to a speedy trial, an attorney, impartial jury, knowing your accusers, nature of the charges, and evidence against you

Question 14

8th amendment

Answer 14

no cruel and unusual punishment

Question 15

14th amendment

Answer 15

equal protection clause ON TOP

Question 16

selective incorporation

Answer 16

legal “incorporation” to the States down from federal policy; ex, Bill of Rights is federal, which influences Giant Rulings which “incorporates” those policies down to States

Question 17

due process clause

Answer 17

no state can deprive a citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

Question 18

right to privacy (9th amendment)

Answer 18

implicit citizen’s rights, but unlisted rights are reserved to the people; taken to be a right to privacy

Question 19

Griswold (Planned Parenthood) v Conneticut (1965)

Answer 19

original establishment of the right to privacy; protected the privacy rights of married couples and struck down contraceptive ban

Question 20

Roe v Wade (1973)

Answer 20

Women’s right to privacy; federal pro-abortion law

Question 21

Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Care Organization (2022)

Answer 21

overturned Roe v Wade; federalism, gave abortion law decision back to states

Question 22

exclusionary rule

Answer 22

cannot use illegally obtained evidence in a trial

Question 23

equal protection clause

Answer 23

can’t take away citizen’s rights and must grant people equal protection, made with anti-discriminatory intentions; “nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”

Question 24

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 24

no discrimination in public places

Question 25

Title IX

Answer 25

no sex-based discrimination in schools

Question 26

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 26

cannot discriminate against voters based on race

Question 27

affirmative action

Answer 27

intended to increase minorities in workforce/schools; usually through quotas