Government Involvement in Health Care

Question 1

Constitutional Basis for Gov involvement in health care

Answer 1

-health care is not in the constitution
1. welfare clause
2. commerce clause
3. state governments

Question 2

why gov and health care

Answer 2

-free market and profit abuses
-need for regulation
-control of drs and medicines

Question 3

Federal Government Purpose

Answer 3

-perform tasks free agents couldn’t/wouldn’t do
-involved in PUBLIC health (waste/sanitization)
-but what about PERSONAL health?

Question 4

Welfare Clause

Answer 4

-“provide for general welfare”
-vague and subjective

Question 5

Commerce Clause

Answer 5

-“Congress shall have power to regulate commerce arising among: foreign nations, the several state, and Indians
-feds can regulate things distributed BETWEEN states

Question 6

what was the Commerce Clause evoked for

Answer 6

-sulfanilamide posioning
-created the FDA
-only bc of interstate commerce in the product

Question 7

State Governments

Answer 7

-retain broad powers
-police power: “to enact laws to protect and promote health, safety, peace..”
-promote HEALTH not health CARE

Question 8

PPACA “ObamaCare”

Answer 8

-required everyone to purchase health insurance
-“Individual Mandate”
-debated by supreme court
-allowed by congress to impose taxes
-so that this health insurance is a tax not an aspect of health care

Question 9

Why gov involvement in health care?

Answer 9

-economic efficiency
-social equity
-safety

Question 10

economic efficiency

Answer 10

-help as many ppl as possible
-HC lacks free market functions and interferes with normal free market control/allocation
-elasticity of demand
-physician control of demand

Question 11

Bottom line of economic efficiency

Answer 11

-HC not efficient
-GOV regulation needed to determine where to spend resources

Question 12

Social equity

Answer 12

-equitable distribution
-should we all have ACCESS to HC despite ability to pay?

Question 13

Safety

Answer 13

-major driver of regulation
-trumps efficiency and equity

Question 14

Roles of Social Values in Gov involvement

Answer 14

-libertarian vs egalitarian
-constrained vs unconstrained

Question 15

constrained

Answer 15

-people are innately limited by human greed
-humans have to be humans take that into account
-having choices is how we better society overall

Question 16

Unconstrained

Answer 16

people are capable of unlimited growth over time

Question 17

Libertarian Viewpoint

Answer 17

-free will
-HC is a privilege sorry if u can’t earn it

Question 18

Libertarian Viewpoint: social concern

Answer 18

-some ppl deserve to be sick
-society should show concern through charity
-charitable HC shouldn’t be as good tho otherwise no one would pay

Question 19

Libertarian viewpoint: freedom

Answer 19

-gov involvement limits freedom
-control is power

Question 20

Libertarian viewpoint: Equality

Answer 20

-does NOT mean equality of rewards
-create system where merit can overcome inequality
-play cards dealt to you but play by same rules

Question 21

Egalitarian Viewpoint

Answer 21

-belief in human equality esp with respect to social, political, economical rights/privileges

Question 22

Egalitarian Viewpoint: personal responsibility

Answer 22

-HC is a right not a reward system
-health is needed for achievement
-deal everyone the same hand

Question 23

Egalitarian Viewpoint: social concern

Answer 23

-charity is demeaning and endangers reliance on charity
-charity should not be needed in society and self-sufficiency is promoted
-if left to themselves ppl will do the right thing just give them a chance

Question 24

Egalitarian viewpoint: Freedom

Answer 24

-freedom is presence of real opportunities to make real choices
-cant make the choice if u dont have the opportunity

Question 25

Egalitarian viewpoint: equality

Answer 25

-equality of prerequisites for competition -remove barriers that isolate some ppl -if the gov has to be the one to do it then fine

Question 26

Contributers to Gov involvement in HC

Answer 26

-Legislatures -Executive -Judiciary -Special Interests -Society

Question 27

Legislatures

Answer 27

-create and enact laws -oversee implementation of law -answer to judiciary

Question 28

Executive

Answer 28

-promulgate regulations, implement and administer laws -FDA -enforce laws passed by lawmakers -how laws enforce might differ from OG intent

Question 29

Judiciary

Answer 29

-interprets laws -adjucates disputes arising from laws -referees between legislature and executive -does enforcement reflect intent?

Question 30

Special interests

Answer 30

-provide info -lobbying efforts -finance campaigns

Question 31

Society

Answer 31

-elect officials -who the laws effect

Question 32

Four Roles of Gov in HC

Answer 32

-Regulator -Financer -Provider -Purchaser/Consumer

Question 33

Gov as Regulator

Answer 33

-FDA -decide quality standards for manufacturing/marketing drugs -determine access (OTC vs Rx) -indirectly determines cost of Rx products

Question 34

Gov as Financer

Answer 34

-Gov pays for HC -medicare, Title 18, Medicaid, Title 19 -between 40-50% of all HC in US is financed by gov

Question 35

Gov as provider

Answer 35

-historically only to a few groups -military, veterans, native americans, low-income populations

Question 36

Gov as purchaser/Consumer

Answer 36

-some role in purchasing HC for gov employees

Question 37

Goal of HC`

Answer 37

"The Promotion of Health"

Question 38

WHO definition of Health

Answer 38

-state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 39

WEBSTER definition of Health

Answer 39

sound physical or mental condition

Question 40

DUBOS definition of health

Answer 40

a state of being enabling imperfect men to achieve a rewarding and not too painful existence while they cope with an imperfect world