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GOVT 1817 > GOVT 1817 > Flashcards

GOVT 1817 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Why We Fight Over Foreign Policy
    Nau

What?
Why?
How?

A

What- simplifying IP is easier

Why- IP is confusing

How- labels and models can be easily explained (paradigm wars)

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2
Q
  1. Reductionist and Systemic Theories
    Waltz

What?
Why?
How?

A

Defensive Realism
What- to be secure, states must achieve a stable balance of power

Why- there is such a thing as “too much power,” and states with too much will get ganged up on (security dilemma)

How- whole leads to parts, anarchy effects states (parts) differently

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3
Q
  1. Great Power Politics
    Mearsheimer

What?
Why?
How?

A

Offensive Realism
What- every state has to maximize power to guarantee safety

Why- power is zero-sum, no trust or stability in IS (alliances are only possible when polar, cold war)

How- take over or get taken over (anarchy)

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4
Q
  1. The Tragedy of Offensive Realism
    Kirshner

What?
Why?
How?

A

Classical Realism
What- states are not the only relevant actors, must look at leaders

Why- two leaders in the same position might not make the same decision (biases, ideas, etc)

How- containing power can lead to war, hegemony has a bad track record

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5
Q
  1. Liberalism and Democratic Peace
    Owen

What?
Why?
How?

A

Republican Liberalism
What- democratic peace theory (states perceived as democratic are unlikely to go to war)

Why- structures of democracy prevent war

How- leaders can be voted out, separation of power democratically

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6
Q
  1. Trading State
    Rosecrance

What?
Why?
How?

A

Commercial Liberalism
What- international trade increases the cost of going to war

Why- benefits of trade are positive sum even if territory is zero sum

How- no more territory to conquer for resources, but can trade for resources. Warring countries don’t trade with each other.

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7
Q
  1. Economic Limits to Modern Politics
    Keohane

What?
Why?
How?

A

Institutional Liberalism
What- institutions shape our perceptions of the world (specifically other states/actors)

Why- if DPT true, states must be presented as non-democratic in order to justify military action

How- political messaging, language

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8
Q
  1. Political Economy of International Relations
    Gilpin

What?
Why?
How?

A

Marxism
What- (1) change due to class struggle, (2) materialist approach to history, (3) capitalist mode of production and destiny governed by set of economic laws of motion and modern society, (4) normative commitment to socialism

Why-

How-

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9
Q
  1. Beyond IR Theory
    Cox

What?
Why?
How?

A

Marxism
What- marxism is dialectic, not causal

Why- material capabilities, institutions, and ideas are influenced and influential

How- dialectic explores tension and contradictions, causal functions as one event leading to the other

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10
Q
  1. Theoretical Reprise
    Wallerstein

What?
Why?
How?

A

Marxism
What- core nations exploit periphery nations for resources under capitalism, creating tension

Why- inequality is necessary for this exploitation for core nations to profit

How- not all countries like or benefit from this system, leading to unrest (leading to coups, revolutions, etc)

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11
Q

13, 14, 15. Postcolonialism
Ba, Mampilly, Buzas

What?
Why?
How?

A

Postcolonialism
What- international security structures enable racism and (neo) colonialism (ba)

Why- reformists and traditionalists run international relations, language around race changes

How- eurocentrism

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12
Q
  1. Sex & Death
    Cohn

What?
Why?
How?

A

Feminism
What- the language of politics shapes reality

Why- military is dominated by patriarchal language

How- imagery, sexism, “clean language”

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13
Q
  1. Women and Children First
    Carpenter

What?
Why?
How?

A

Feminism
What- gendered norms are pervasive everywhere including war

Why- the patriarchy paints women and children as non-military threats, whereas men are inherently a military threat

How- aid organizations language focused around “women and children,” patriarchy harms men too

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14
Q
  1. Women and the Evolution of World Politics
    Fukuyama

What?
Why?
How?

A

Feminism
What- biological basis for patriarchy

Why- animals behave in patriarchal structures sometimes

How- feminization of security dilemmas, young and male violence

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15
Q
  1. Constructing International Politics
    Wendt

What?
Why?
How?

A

Constructivism
What- socially constructed ideas can be just as, if not more important than material structures

Why- ideas shape social constructions leading us to some view on reality and behavior

How- differences in perspective (North Korea’s (small) nuclear stockpile is a threat whereas the US’s (large) nuclear stockpile is not).

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16
Q
  1. Clash of Civilizations?
    Huntington

What?
Why?
How?

A

Constructivism
What- conflicts in the modern era are based on cultural lines

Why- political ideologies are weak because they’re too flexible, cultural lines/identities are more concrete

How- conflicts will occur based on these identities???

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17
Q
  1. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim
    Mamdani

What?
Why?
How?

A

Constructivism
What- religious identities are constructed, good/bad (prescriptive) labels are inaccurate

Why- good/bad labels are an expression of imperialism

How- oversimplifies situations, leads to justification of problematic policies

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18
Q
  1. The Jacksonian Tradition
    Mead

What?
Why?
How?

A

Domestic Politics
What- domestic public opinion influences the US’s tendency to wage war

Why- jacksonian tradition (small gov., individualism, state-oriented) has shaped how US politics functions

How- slow to commit to foreign policy issues, but vicious/militant in war

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19
Q
  1. Same War- Different Views
    Katzenstein

What?
Why?
How?

A

Domestic Politics
What- countries respond differently to crises

Why- no systemic prediction can be made for all states’ behavior

How- different historical contexts, path dependency (what happened in the past matters, repeated cycles are due to resistance to change)

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20
Q
  1. WW1
    Yoder

What?
Why?
How?

A

WW1
What- war occurred due to inept leadership (individuals and governments)

Why- ineptitude comes from an inability to communicate

How- confusion and delays leads to mistakes (failed assassination attempts of Archduke Ferdinand, driver going the wrong way leading to his death)

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21
Q
  1. A Conflict that Shaped the Modern World
    Erlanger

What?
Why?
How?

A

WW1
What- world war 1 created desire for international institutions to avoid further conflict

Why- rising tensions and anxieties in the weakening of the ottoman empire, austro-hungaria, general unrest

How- if not the assassination of archduke Ferdinand, something else would have set off wwi

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22
Q
  1. Civil-Military Relations and the Cult of the Offensive
    Snyder

What?
Why?
How?

A

WW1
What- civil-military relations shape conflict due to divide in beliefs

Why- military prefers offensive tactics, public prefers defensive

How- the military wants to enhance prestige by winning wars, means before ends

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23
Q
  1. Commercial Liberalism Under Fire
    Ripsman & Blanchard

What?
Why?
How?

A

WW1
What- commercial liberalism isn’t always enough to prevent war

Why- economic interdependence requires policymakers to be aware of that interdependence

How- to promote peace, more than economic interdependence and trade has to be present

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24
Q
  1. History & 9/11
    Fukuyama

What?
Why?
How?

A

9/11, Iraq, Afganistan
What- “modernity” (western democracy) will remain a dominant force in world politics

Why- western institutions spread their influence alongside market institutions which engender liberal democracy

How- cultural differences aren’t as important as political ones (note- fukuyama has some interesting takes on islam here, believes that something about islam fundamentally overrides all political beliefs).

25
Q
  1. Keeping Saddam in the Box
    Mearsheimer & Walt

What?
Why?
How?

A

9/11, Iraq, Afganistan
What- containment would have been a better strategy than war for iraq/saddam hussein

Why- containment costs less than war, look better for the US, hussein as a rational actor

How- resorting solely on war makes the US look like a bully, jeopardizes international unity

26
Q
  1. Many Theories
    Walt

What?
Why?
How?

A

Constructivism / Eclecticism ?
What- one paradigm will never sufficiently explain world politics, so a combination must be used

Why-

How-

27
Q
  1. Sources of Soviet Conduct
    X

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- soviet power is a product of ideology and circumstances

Why- SU consolidated domestic control by playing up the threat of global capitalism

How- innate and eternal conflict between socialism and capitalism

28
Q
  1. The Failure of Success
    Kennan

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- by letting people blame the out-group, leaders divert from a domestic politics issue

Why-

How-

29
Q
  1. Communist Bloc Expansion
    MacDonald

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- Four schools of Cold War scholarship (whos fault?) traditionalism, revisionism, post-revisionism, realism

Traditional: Soviet union: expansionist nation primarily responsible for political and military contention (what macdonald believes)
Revisionist: United states was primarily to blame for Cold War, US= expansionist (Vietnam)
Post Revisionist: striking a balance between traditionalism and revisionism (Europe good bc valid threat, Third World no bc not genuine threat)
Realist: competition over capabilities among states that determines policies (nationalism and self interest that lead to conflict)

30
Q
  1. & 35. Cuban Missile Crisis
    Allison

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis
What- Three models
Rational policy model
More realist
Value maximization

Response to cuban missile crisis: reasonable act from point of view of Soviet Union
Soviet thinking of putting missiles in cuba arguably offensive realist

Organizational Process model
Policy is organizational output
Actors are organizations?
Response to cuban missiles: what relevant organizations and their past behaviors have effects

Bureaucratic Politics Model
More like domestic politics
International affairs are like a game and the actors are the players
Cuban missile crisis is like domestic politics because so dependent on the ideas/identities behind

31
Q
  1. Diplomacy, not Derring-Do
    Nathan & Allison

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis
What- by empahasizing threats too heavily, it was difficult to stop calls for war.
Why- straining to appear more determined and fearsome can lead to miscalculation and heightened dange

32
Q
  1. Constructing National Interests
    Weldes

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis
What- the social construction of what actors are like in war plays a role in the crisis

Why- national interest is socially constructed

How-

33
Q
  1. The Long Peace
    Gaddis

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- relative peace at the end of the cold war

Why- Bipolarity: Easy to manage (multipower is complex because alliances were uncertain and constantly changing)

How-

34
Q
  1. Theories of War
    Jervis

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- the very existence of a security community among the leading powers challenges theory’s attempts to explain war

Why-

How-

35
Q
  1. Understanding Change
    Koslowski & Kratochwill

What?
Why?
How?

A

Cold War
What- to understand change, don’t look for the cause, but for the historical conjuctions

Why-

How-

36
Q
  1. Spread of Nuclear Weapons
    Waltz

What?
Why?
How?

A

Nuclear Weapons
What-
Nucleus → costly war as form of deterrence
Unpredictability → risk → avoid uncertainty
Defensive Realism

Why-

How-

37
Q
  1. More will be Worse
    Sagan

What?
Why?
How?

A

Nuclear Weapons
What- you can’t correct for human error, and when dealing with something like nukes the consequences are devastating

Why-

How-

38
Q
  1. Nuclear Weapons Don’t Matter
    Mueller

What?
Why?
How?

A

Nuclear Weapons
What- nukes are irrelevant because they won’t be used

Why-

How-

39
Q
  1. The Vanishing Nuclear Taboo
    Tannenwald

What?
Why?
How?

A

Nuclear Weapons
What- The taboo on nuclear weapons is declining, threat of nukes being used to show power

Why-

How-

40
Q
  1. Intervention in Vietnam & Central America
    Chomsky

What?
Why?
How?

A

Interventions
What- US interventions in South America caused more economic, political, and humanitarian harm than good.

Why-

How-

41
Q
  1. Norms of Humanitarian Intervention
    Finnemore

What?
Why?
How?

A

Intervention
What- Changing international norms in the postcolonial era explains the rise in humanitarian interventions by western powers.

Why-

How-

42
Q
  1. Why Ukraine is the West’s Fault
    Mearsheimer

What?
Why?
How?

A

Ukraine and ISIS
NATO enlargement explains the increased aggression of Russia in Ukraine.

43
Q
  1. Ukraine Holds the Future
    Snyder

What?
Why?
How?

A

The war in Ukraine is a colonial struggle for democracy, and it is one which Ukrainians are willing to fight.

44
Q
  1. How Much of a State is an Islamic State?
    Mecham

What?
Why?
How?

A

Ukraine & ISIS
What- Although the IS challenges state-centric models of international politics, the organization still partakes in some state-like behaviors such as taxation and labor management.

Why-

How-

45
Q
  1. Why the Islamic State Won’t Become a Normal State
    Rubin

What?
Why?
How?

A

Ukraine & ISIS
What- The IS’s disruption of the international system should be understood not just in terms of material power but also ideational power.

Why-

How-

46
Q
  1. The Jihadi Threat to International Order
    Mendelsohn

What?
Why?
How?

A

Ukraine & ISIS
What- ISIS seeks to radically challenge not just existing dynamics within the state system, but the existence of a state system at all

Why-

How-

47
Q
  1. Politics of Transnational Economic Relations
    Gilpin

What?
Why?
How?

A

Trade and Investment
What- International politics → economics and structure of int’l system can explain the role of transnational actors throughout history

Why-

How-

48
Q
  1. The MNC and Law of Uneven Development
    Hymer

What?
Why?
How?

A

Trade and Investment
What- econ → IP; growth of firms inherently produces economic expansion abroad, and restructures hierarchies across the globe

Why-

How-

49
Q
  1. Foreign Expansion
    Moran

What?
Why?
How?

A

Trade and Investment
What- MNCs want the ability to foreign invest to take advantage of other markets and escape domestic competition

Why-

How-

50
Q
  1. American Power after the Financial Crisis
    Kirshner

What?
Why?
How?

A

Globalization and Finance
What- The ‘08 financial crisis undermined the material and ideational basis for the US-led postwar order; US relative power in the int’l system has taken a hit

Why-

How-

51
Q
  1. The Quiet Coup
    Johnson

What?
Why?
How?

A

Globalization and Trade
What- The ‘08 financial crisis was kindled by the opportunistic practices of political and economic elites; failure to crack down on banks points to the hypocrisy of the LIO

Why-

How-

52
Q
  1. The Emperor Has No Clothes
    Colgan

What?
Why?
How?

A

Internationalization and Oil
What- Contrary to popular belief, OPEC does not exert significant influence over energy markets – but members of the organization politically benefit from this misconception

Why-

How-

53
Q
  1. America’s Energy Edge
    Blackwill & O’Sullivan

What?
Why?
How?

A

Internationalization and Oil
What- the US’s transition to becoming a net energy exporter offers great economic prospects and geopolitical advantages

Why-

How-

54
Q
  1. Let Them Drown
    Klein

What?
Why?
How?

A

Internationalization and Oil
What- Oil dependence is predicated on economically, geographically, militaristically, and culturally discriminate practices that necessarily harm those from extractive zones.

Why-

How-

55
Q
  1. World of Regions
    Katzenstein

What?
Why?
How?

A

Global and International Regions
What- porous regions, as opposed to state units, offer a more useful understanding of agency and power structures in world politics
Why-

How-

56
Q
  1. Jihadi vs. McWorld
    Barber

What?
Why?
How?

A

Globalization and International Regions
What- Globalization has brought about distinct tensions of transnational ideologies, particularly in the form of commercial expansion and parochial struggle

Why-

How-

57
Q
  1. Trade of Human Body Parts
    Harrison

What?
Why?
How?

A

Global and International Regions
What- globalization marketizes everything even your body

Why-

How-

58
Q
  1. Beyond Paradigm
    Sil & Katzenstein

What?
Why?
How?

A

Eclecticism
What- social scientists should forgo big fish theories in favor of a more pragmatic approach to research - one which honors the causal complexities of the social world

Why-

How-

GOVT 1817 (1 decks)

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