GPC and GPB

Question 1

Staph species

Answer 1

GPC in clusters, may have capsules

Question 2

Staph aureus

Answer 2

Facultative anaerobe, contains hemolysin and leucocidin, coagulase

Question 3

Enterotoxin

Answer 3

Causes gastrointestinal distress

Question 4

Exfoliative toxin

Answer 4

Separates epidermis from dermis

Question 5

Furuncle

Answer 5

Boil

Question 6

Folliculitis

Answer 6

inflammation of hair follicle

Question 7

Carbuncle

Answer 7

larger and deeper lesion created by aggregation and interconnection of cluster of furuncles

Question 8

impetigo

Answer 8

bubble-like swelling that can break and peel away

Question 9

Osteomyelitis

Answer 9

Abscess formation

Question 10

Bacteremia

Answer 10

infection from bacteria from another infection

Question 11

MRSA

Answer 11

methicillin resistant, mecA gene

Question 12

Strep species

Answer 12

SPC in chains and pairs, non-motile, facultative anaerobes

Question 13

Group A strep

Answer 13

Beta hemolytic, Strep pyogenes, typically in throat, DNase, can cause Rheumatic fever

Question 14

Group B strep

Answer 14

Beta hemolytic, Strep agalactiae, Genital flora, can be given to infants birthed vaginally

Question 15

Group D strep

Answer 15

Enterococcus faecalis, Strep Bovis, can cause endocarditis in patients with colon cancer

Question 16

Viridian strep

Answer 16

Alpha hemolytic, can cause endocarditis and meningitis, S. mutans

Question 17

Strep. pneumo

Answer 17

Need blood or chocolate agar, alpha strep, treated with penicillin, gram positive diplococci

Question 18

If you don’t treat strep throat it can turn into

Answer 18

Rheumatic fever

Question 19

Post-strep acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

Associated with group A strep skin infection, mostly impetigo in children

Question 20

Most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 20

Group A strep

Question 21

Super antigens

Answer 21

Bind directly to MHC II and the TCR, seen in Scarlet fever and Toxic shock syndrome

Question 22

Toxic shock syndrome

Answer 22

Group A strep isolated from a sterile site, mucosal site, wound

Question 23

CAMP test

Answer 23

Staph aureus streaked on a blood agar, if enhanced hemolysis with horizontal bacterial streak, its Group A strep

Question 24

Zone around Bacitracin disk

Answer 24

Group A strep

Question 25

Zone around SXT disk

Answer 25

Staph aureus

Question 26

Positive PYR

Answer 26

Group A strep

Question 27

Eikenella

Answer 27

Pits the agar, typically from human bites, GNB, non-motile, oxidase positive, nitrate reducing, facultative anaerobe

Question 28

Most common cause of infective endocarditis

Answer 28

Staph aureus

Question 29

HACEK group

Answer 29

GNB, common cause of infective endocarditis,found in oral cavity

Question 30

Haemophilus aphrophilus

Answer 30

AKA Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

Question 31

Bacteria typically from a wound and sepsis

Answer 31

Kingella kingae

Question 32

Cardiobacterium hominis

Answer 32

causes endocarditis when underlying valvular heart disease

Question 33

Q fever

Answer 33

most common cause of endocarditis when blood culture is negative, use PCR or gene sequencing, Donut ring granuloma when lung biopsy, caused by Coxiella burnetii

Question 34

Bacterial capsule

Answer 34

Keeps bacteria alive

Question 35

Prokaryotes

Answer 35

Single celled, small, cell wall, no organelles, single stranded DNA

Question 36

Eukaryotes

Answer 36

Multicellular, large, cell wall in fungi and plants, mostly aerobic, chromosomes in pairs

Question 37

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 37

GPB, non-motile, spore is resistant and letal, transmitted cutaneously, inhalation and gastrointestinally, cAMP

Question 38

Bacillus cereus

Answer 38

Seen in Sushi rice, motile and hemolytic, basically food poisoning, GPB, use malachite green

Question 39

Clostridium tetani

Answer 39

GP Drum stick shape, neurotoxin, anaerobic, cause muscle spasms to activate over entire body, from soil, puncture wounds and burns, non-invasive, 1 week incubation

Question 40

Clostridium perfrigens

Answer 40

GPB, non-motile, anaerobe, cause gas gangrene, double zone of hemolysis

Question 41

C. septicum

Answer 41

Only seen in patients with colon cancer

Question 42

Clostridium difficile

Answer 42

Difficult to culture, motile, anaerobe, GPB, specific smell, if treated with antibiotics, can cause pseudomembranous colitis, has toxin A and B

Question 43

GPB spore in central location

Answer 43

C. bifermentans

Question 44

SPB spore in sub-terminal

Answer 44

C. perfringens

Question 45

GPB spore oval and terminal

Answer 45

C. tertium

Question 46

GPB 'drum stick' appearance

Answer 46

C. tetani

Question 47

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 47

GPB, causes flaccid paralysis of muscles, typically foodborne transmission, makes botox, can be destroyed by heating, seen in canned foods, can cause double vision

Question 48

Tetanus toxin

Answer 48

blocks GABA and won't allow inhibitor is relax the muscles