Gr. 12 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is aerobic cellular respiration?
Process cells go through to create ATP from chemical energy stored in macromolecules
The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (~ 36 ATP)
What are the main steps of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate oxidation (bridge reaction)
- Krebs cycle
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis
Where does glycolysis occur, and how many steps does it involve?
Occurs in cytoplasm, involves 10 steps
What is the role of pyruvate oxidation?
Links glycolysis and Krebs cycle, occurs in matrix of mitochondria
What is the Krebs cycle?
An 8-step cyclic process that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria
How are lipids processed in cellular respiration?
Fatty acid chains are broken into 3 carbon chains, converted into acetyl CoA, and enter Krebs cycle
How are proteins processed in cellular respiration?
Amino acids after deamination can become pyruvate or acetyl-CoA, entering pyruvate oxidation or Krebs cycle
What happens to nucleic acids during cellular respiration?
Nucleotides after deamination enter only Krebs cycle
What is the goal of cellular respiration?
- Break bonds between 6 carbon atoms of glucose, creating 6 CO2 molecules
- Move hydrogen atoms from glucose to O2, creating 6 H2O molecules
- Trap free energy from breakdown of glucose in the form of ATP
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
Enzyme adds phosphate group directly to ADP to make ATP, only occurs in cellular respiration
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP is made through chemiosmosis using proton gradient generated through redox reactions (ETC)
What is the net ATP production from glycolysis?
4 ATP produced (net 2 ATP)
What are the products of glycolysis?
- 2 pyruvate (3 carbon molecules)
- 2 NADH
What is the bridge reaction in cellular respiration?
Pyruvate oxidation, where pyruvic acid enters mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA
What are the products of one turn of the Krebs cycle?
- 2 CO2
- 1 ATP
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH2
What is the main function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
Generates most energy in cellular respiration by creating a proton gradient
What is the process of chemiosmosis?
H+ ions are pumped into the matrix from the intermembrane space, generating ATP
What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid and NAD+
What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid, while alcoholic fermentation produces alcohol and CO2
How are proteins metabolized in cellular respiration?
Amino acids are deaminated and can enter different points of the metabolic pathway
What happens to triglycerides during lipid metabolism?
They are digested into glycerol and fatty acid chains; glycerol can be converted into glucose or DHAP
Fill in the blank: Glycolysis is thought to be the earliest form of _______.
metabolism
True or False: Glycolysis is an aerobic process.
False
What happens to NADH during the Electron Transport Chain?
NADH donates electrons to NADH dehydrogenase
