gr 15 Flashcards
1
Q
pale blue solid
A
n2o3
2
Q
only colored gaseous oxide
A
no2
3
Q
bond length N—-N in n203
A
186pm
4
Q
no2- para or di
A
para
5
Q
angle of N—O—N in no2
A
134
6
Q
no2 is oxidiser or reducer?
A
both
7
Q
no2 dimerisation gives-
A
n2o4
8
Q
no2 dimerises at high or low temp?
A
low temp
9
Q
no2 is used as a ——– in ————
A
oxidiser in rocket fuels
10
Q
light sensitive nitrogen oxide
A
n2o5
11
Q
n2o5 gives which two ions
A
NO2+ NO3-
12
Q
prep of n2o5
A
4HNO3 + P4O10 → 4HPO3 + 2N2O5
13
Q
appearance of n2o5
A
colorless solid
14
Q
allotropic forms of
A
white red black scarlllet violet
15
Q
allotropic forms of as, Sb
A
yellow
grey
16
Q
allotropic froms of Bi
A
alpha
beta
gama
delta
17
Q
allotrope of n2 solid-
A
alpha- cubic
beta- hexagonal
18
Q
n2 in earth’s crust
A
NaNO3 - chille salt petre
KNO3- indian salt petre
19
Q
p present in minerals of ——- family
A
apatite - Ca9 (po4)6 CaX2
20
Q
color and formula of Arsenopyrites
A
FeAsS - white grey
21
Q
color and formula of orpiment
A
As2S3- yellow
22
Q
color and formula of realgar
A
As4S4- orange red
23
Q
color and formula of stibnite
A
Sb2S3 iridescent metal like needle
24
Q
color and formula of bismuthinite
A
Bi2S3
25
mp order
N< P< As> Sb > Bi
26
highest bp
Sb
27
only Bi compound with +5 o.s
BiF5 - strong oxidant
28
n2 characters
```
colorless
odorless
tasteless'
non toxic
diamagnetic
very high bond enthalpy
```
29
N------N bond length in N2
109pm
30
bond formed by P As Sb
single
31
member w max catenation tendency
P
32
ligand of P
P(C2H5)3
33
ligand of As
As(C6h5)3
34
order of stability of hydrides
decrease dtg
35
hydride that is the strongest R.A
BiH3
36
order of basicity
decrease dtg
37
hydroxide characteristics
poisonous, foul smelling, colorless gas
38
hydroxide smell gradient
decrease dtg
39
hydroxide poisonous nature gradient
increase dtg
40
hydride reactivity order
decrease dtg
41
dtg trend for hydrides
becomes diff to prepare
the ease to replace by CL or Me group decreases
ability to act as electron donor decreases
covalent character increases
42
prep of hydrides
action of water or dil. acid on binary metal compounds
43
bp sequence
ph3
44
mp sequence
ph3
45
```
bond lengths
nh3
ph3
ash3
sbh3
```
.
101. 7
141. 9
151. 9
107. 7
46
thermal stability order of hydrides
decrease dtg
47
structure of hydrides
pyramidal
48
B.A of nh3
107.48'
49
B.A of rest hydrides
close to 90
50
standard enthalpy of form of nh3
negative
51
standard enthalpy of form of rest of hydrides
positive
52
oxide acidic character trend
decrease dtg
53
e2o3 of N and P nature
acidic
54
oxide of As Sb
amphoteric
55
oxide of Bi
basic
56
does oxides of N and Bi exist as dimers?
no
57
nature of NO
neutral
58
acidic strength of oxides of nitrogen
n2o
59
acidic strength of trioxides
n2o3>p4o6>as4o6>sb4o6
60
acidic strength of pentaoxides
n2o5>p4o10>as4o10>sb4o10
61
tetraoxides of As and Sb are -------- oxides
mixed
| sb2o4= Sb(iii) Sb(v)o4
62
are oxides of As and Sb sol in water?
no but soluble in alkali
63
are oxides of N with +1 and +6 stable?
no
64
characters of n2o
stable,
unreactive
colorless
neutral
65
prep of n2o
heating of ammonium nitrate at 280. c
Zn+ HNO3
SnCl2+ HNO3+ HCl
NH2OH+HCl+NaNO2
66
uses of n2o
anesthetic
propellant for whipped cream
supporter of combustion
laughing gas
67
structure of n2o
linear
68
why is n2o called sub oxide
it has N--O and N----N bond
69
n2o- diamag or paramag
diamag
70
n2o dipole moment
0.16
71
NO characters (13)
```
colorless
neutral
heavier than air
sparingly soluble in water
not an acid anhydride
intermediate in Ostwald's process
produced during lightning and thunder
endothermic oxide
identified by mixing w air
causes depletion of O3 layer
act as ligand
neurotransmitter in controlling bp
prevent bacterial decomposition
```
72
NO is para or dia?
paramag
73
NO is para or dia in liquid state
dia due do to dimerisation
74
NO is estimated by
FeSO4
75
NO ox or red
both haha
76
prep of NO
Cu+ HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + NO + h2O
77
prep of pure NO
NaNO3+ FeSO4+H2SO4= Fe2(SO4)3+ NaHSO4+h2o+NO
78
oxides of phosphorous w cage or dimeric structure
p4o6
| p4o10
79
prep of p4o6
| p4o10
burning P in limited air
| burning P in excess air
80
p4o6 is anhydride of
phosphorous acid h3po3
81
p4o10 is anhydride of
phosphoric acid h3po4
82
p4o6 on disproportionation gives
ph3+ h3po4
83
NX3 stability dtg
decreases
84
NCl3 characteristics
```
yellow
explosive
endothermic liquid
enthalpy- positive
low B.E
```
85
characters of NI3
mild explosive
| shock sensitive
86
can NF3 be hydrolysed
no, no d orbitals
87
n2+o2 gives
2NO
88
prep of pure n2
thermal decomposition of metal azide at 350.C
89
lab prep of n2
heating a mixture of NaNO2+NH4Cl (both aq)
90
how to purify n2
pass aq acidified K2Cr2O7 to remove impurities like oxides of N and HNO3 vapours
91
other prep of n2
(i) chemical volcano
heating of ammonium dichromate >300.C
(ii) passing nh3 to heated CuO
92
uses of n2
liq n2- cryosurgery or refrigerant
prep of fertiliers like cyanamide or nitrolim
to provide inert atmosphere
diluent for reacting chemicals
93
nature of hydrazine
basic
94
n3h nature
hydrazoic acid/ hydrogen azide
95
non combustible hydride of N
nh3
96
characters oF nh3
```
colorless
pungent smelling gas
H bonded is solid and liquid form but NOT in gaseous form
easily liquified to get ammonia
liq nh3 is a good refrigerant
```
97
prep of nh3
decay of urea
98
prep of nh3 in small quantity
heating of ammonium salt with alkali
| ammonium sulphate
99
N------H in nh3
101.7
100
107.
101
prep of nh3 in large scale
habers process
102
catalyst in habers process
Fe2O3
103
who helps to reach eqlbm faster in habers process
k2o + al2o3
104
condtions for habers process
200 atm
| 700k
105
prep of nh3 lab:
hydrolysis of nitrides
106
nh3 dried by
CaO
107
cyanamide process
complete hydrolysis of CaCN2
108
pptys of nh3
aqs is a weak base
identify cations of G3 AND G4 cations
formation of complexes with transition metal cations
109
what happens when nh3 reacts with HCl
white fumes of NH4Cl
110
what happens when nh3 reactes with nesslers reagent
| K2HgI4
forms iodide of millous base (red)
| NH2HgOHgI
111
color when Cr3+ + nh3
green
112
NH3+ Al3+
gelatinous ppt
113
Fe3+ + NH3
brown ppt
114
Zn2+ + nh3
dirty white ppt
115
Cu2+ + NH3
{cu(nh3)4}2+ - deep blue
116
Ag+ + NH3
{Ag(nh3)}+
117
explosive fertilizer of nh3
NH4No3
118
formula of nitrous acid
HNO2
119
hyponitrous acid
H2n2o2
120
who is aqua fortis
nitric acid HNO3
121
peroxonitric acid
HNO4
122
ppty of nitric acid
colorless liquid
| planar in vapour phase
123
on standing HNO3 turns
yellow due to decomposition
124
lap prep of HNO3
retort process
| NaNO3 + H2SO4= NaHSO4+HNO3
125
old method in prep of HNO3
Birkeland and eyde process
126
manufacture of NH3
OSTWALD PROCESS
127
steps of ostwald's process
1. catalytic reduction of nh3 by air
2. conversion of NO + NO2
3. NO2 + H2O= HNO3 + NO
128
product of ostwald's process
68% HNO3
for 98% use conc HNO3
for 100% use p4o10
129
condition for catalytic oxidation of nh3
Pt/Rh
500K
9 bar
130
pptys of HNO3
aq soln is strongly acidic
| used in brown ring test
131
metals + HNO3 gives
metal nitrate + NO2= H2O
132
Sn + conc. HNo3 gives
metastannic acid H2SnO3
133
Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Pt + conc. HNO3
no rxn haha
134
Mn and Mg + 1-2% HNO3 gives
Nitrate+ h2
135
Zn Sn Fe + hot HNO3
N2O
136
Zn Sn Fe + cold HNO3
nitrate+ NH4NO3 + 3H2O
137
non metals + conc HNo3
oxidised product + NO2+ H2O
138
orange colored gas produced in aqua regia
NOCl
139
aqua regia reaction
HCl + HNO3 = nascent Cl + NOCl + H2O
140
aqua regia dissolves
noble mtals like Au Pt, they form complexes
141
uses of nitric acid
```
fertilizer : NH4NO3
explosives like TNT
prep of nitroglycerine
oxidiser in rocket propellants
pickling of stainless steel
```
142
wdym by pickling of stainless steel
removing oxides from oxides
143
prep of elemental P4
coke reduction/ smelting
| heating a mixture of rock phosphate w coke and silica in electric furnace at 1770K
144
formula of rock phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
145
pptys of white/yellow p4
```
colorless
translucent waxy solid
most abundant allotrope
most reactive
always kept underwater ( fumes in air)
toxica
dissolves in alkali ( only this guy)
has a garlic smell
burns w pale yellow color
```
146
disease caused by white p4
Phossy jaw
147
structure of white p4
tetrahedral
148
pptys of red p
```
stable
iron grey lustre
insoluble in water and Cs2
more dense than white p
less reactive than white p
```
149
structure of red p4
polymeric
150
prep of red p
heat white p to 573k
excess white p removed by alkali
earlier i2 was used as catalyst
151
applications of red p
sulphide used in safety matches
| p -32 radioactive form - leukamia treatment
152
pptys of black p
thermodynamically most stable
metallic form conduct electricity
when heated higher than 1073k == p2 vapour
153
2 types of black p
alpha
| beta
154
prep of alpha black p
heat red p to 803k in sealed tube
155
characters of alpha black p
```
sublime
opaque
monoclinic/rhombohedral crystals
doesnt oxidise in air
non conductor
```
156
prep beta black p
heat white p at 473k
157
structure of bb phs
layer structure of p4 units
158
best phosphatic fert
triple superphosphate Ca(h2po4)2.H2o
159
bone ash
phos fert w 50% p
160
thomas slag
mixture of Caphosphate + Ca silicate
161
super phosphate of lime
prep from rock phosphate+ conc h2so4
162
phosphine pptys
```
colorlesss
fishy smellm gas
poisonous
pure ph3 is non inflammable
impure ph3 burns spontaneously
```
163
prep of triple phosphate
mixture of fluroapetite + phosphoric acid
| Ca5(po4)3
164
vortex ring in air
homles signal: CaC2 + Ca3P2
| smoke screen
165
ph3 is absorbed by
bleaching powder
166
prep of ph3
white p + alkali= ph3 + sod. hypophosphite
| sod hypophosphite
167
use of hypophosphate
nerve toxic
168
other prep of ph3
hydrolysis of phosphide with water/ dil hcl
| heating h3po3 and h3po2
169
prep of EXTREME PURE PH3
absorbing in HI
170
ph3 ppty
slightly sol
aq soln unstable towards light
in presence of hV = red p4 + h2
very low BE
171
halogen/ HNo3 vapours + PH3
explosive rxn
172
hydride which a strong red agent
ph3
173
ph3 gas can be compltely absorbed by
aq CuSO4 & HgCl2= metal phosphide (rat poison)
174
PCl3 pptys
colorless oily liquid
| sp3
175
prep of PCl3
rxn of p4 w limited Cl
| rxn of p4 w thionyl chloride
176
reason pcl3 gives fumes in air
hydrolysis and product hcl is formed
177
who replace OH group of organic compounds by Cl
pcl3
178
pcl5 pptys
yellowish white powder
| ox agent
179
prep of pcl5
p4 + excess cl
| white p + sulphuryl chloride
180
hydrolysis
fumes { hcl} , H3po4 + POCl3
181
metals + pcl5
stable chlorides + pcL3
182
pcl5+p4o10
pocl3
183
pcl5 + so2
socl2 + pocl3
184
pcl5 + h2so4
so2cl2 + pocl3+ hcl
185
pcl5 + d2o
pocl3 + dcl
186
gas and solid structure of pcl5
sp3d
| 2 unequal ba and bond lengths
187
solid strructure
ionic; exist as ions
| {pcl4}+ {pcl6}-
188
pptys common to all oxoacids
tetrahedral
| no. of ph bond ^ reducing power^
189
hypophosphorous acid
| phosphinic
h3po2
190
prep of h3po2
white p + alkali
191
best oxoacid with highest reducing power
h3po2
192
who reduces ag (no3) to ag
| also benzene diazonium chloride to benzene
yo bad boi h3po2
193
orthophosphorous acid
| phosphonic acid
h3po3
194
orthophosphoric acid
h3po4
195
prep of h3po4
p4o10 + H2o
196
which oxoacid of p is the best ox agent
h3po4
197
apperance of h3po4
colorless syrupy
198
h3po4 on heating 250C gives (a)
| a) on heating at 600 C (b
(a) pyrophosphoric acid h4p2o7
| (b) metaphosphoric acid hpo3
199
uses of h3po4
best phosphatic fert
| food additive confectionary additives
200
pyrophorous acid
| mono or di
h4p2o5
| di
201
prep of h4p2o5
pcl3 + h3po3
202
hypophosphoric acid
| mono or di
h4p2o6
| tetra hoe
203
prep of h4p2o6
red p + alkali
204
diphosphoric acid
h4p2o7
tetra
i think u already know prep
heating h3po4
205
meta phosphoric acid
hpo3
206
polar or non polar
polar
207
ppty on hpo3
```
unstable ; polymeric
glacial phosphoric acid
coagulate egg white
cannot act as ox agent
waxy solid
2 polymers
```
208
which are the 2 polymers of hpo3
(hpo3) 3 - cyclic trimer {draw a POP benzene thingy)
| (hpo3) n - linear chain
209
prep of hpo3 linear
h3po3 + br2 = hpo3 linear { in sealed tube}
