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Science > Gr.10 T4 Chemistry > Flashcards

Gr.10 T4 Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between ionic compounds and acids dissolving in water?

A

Ionic compounds dissociate in water

Acids ionise in water

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2
Q

What is the force between ions and water molecules called?

A

Ion-dipole force

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3
Q

Name the two forces in molecules (you know what I mean😉)

A

Intermolecular forces and electrostatic forces

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4
Q

What is dissolving?

A

The process of a solid ionic crystal breaking down into its ions

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5
Q

What is hydration?

A

The process where water molecules now surround the positive and negative ions of a once ionic compound

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6
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A liquid solution with positive and negative ions that are free to move. The ions carry charge, making the liquid able to conduct electricity.

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7
Q

What does a solution consist of?

A

Solute (minority) in a solvent (majority)

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8
Q

What solutes does hard water have dissolved in it?

A

Calcium and magnesium ions

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9
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

When a combination of ions forms an insoluble salt

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10
Q

What colour is Al(OH) ?

3

A

White

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11
Q

What colour is Cu(OH) ?

2

A

Blue

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12
Q

What colour is Fe OH

2

A

Green

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13
Q

What colour is Pb I

2

A

Yellow

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14
Q 
AgNO (aq) is added to an unknown. 
         3
A white precipitate forms that is 
insoluble in an acid. 
What is the unknown?
A

It contains chloride ions.

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15
Q 
AgNO (aq) is added to an
         3
unknown. A cream precipitate forms that is 
insoluble in an acid. 
What is in the unknown?
A

It contains bromide ions

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16
Q

AgNO (aq) is added to an
3
unknown. A yellow precipitate forms that is insoluble in an acid. What is in the unknown?

A

It contains iodide ions

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17
Q

Ba(NO ) (aq) is added to
3 2
an unknown. A white precipitate forms that is insoluble in an acid. What is in the unknown?

A

It contains sulphate

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18
Q

Ba(NO ) (aq) is added to
3 2
an unknown. A white precipitate forms that is soluble in an acid and releases a gas. What is in the unknown?

A

It contains carbonate ions

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19
Q

Name the 4 types of chemical reactions and briefly describe them.

A

Precipitation: insoluble salt
Gas-forming reaction: gas comes off
Acid-base reaction: transfer of protons
Redox reaction: transfer of electrons

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20
Q

What precipitate does an unknown with chloride ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?

A

A white precipitate that is insoluble in acid.

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21
Q

What precipitate does an unknown with bromide ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?

A

A cream precipitate that is insoluble in acid.

22
Q

What precipitate does an unknown with iodide ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?

A

A yellow precipitate that is insoluble in acid.

23
Q

What precipitate does an unknown with sulphate ions form when added to barium nitrate solution?

A

A white precipitate that is insoluble in acid.

24
Q

What precipitate does an unknown with carbonate ions form when added to barium nitrate solution?

A

A white precipitate that is soluble in acid.

The reaction also releases a gas

25
Q

Name 3 properties of acids

A

Have a sour taste.
Cause colour changes in plant dyes.
React with certain metals like zinc, magnesium and iron to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Aqueous solutions of acids conduct electricity.

26
Q

Name 3 properties of bases

A

Have a bitter taste
Feel slippery
Cause colour changes in plant dyes
Aqueous solutions conduct electricity (called alkalis)

27
Q

What colour does Methyl orange go in an acid/ base?

A

Acid: orange
Base: yellow

28
Q

What colour does Bromothymol blue go in an acid/ base?

A

Acid: yellow
Base: blue

29
Q

What colour does litmus go in an acid/ base?

A

Acid: red
Base: blue

30
Q

What colour does Phenolphthalein go in an acid/ base?

A

Acid: colourless
Base: pink

31
Q

What are acids?

A

Ionise in water to produce H+ ions

32
Q

What are bases?

A

Ionise in water to produce OH- ions

33
Q

What is a pH?

A

A measure of the acidity of a substance.

34
Q

Acid+base=

A

Salt+water

35
Q

Acid+metal oxide=

A

Salt+water

36
Q

Acid+metal carbonate=

A

Salt+water+carbon dioxide

37
Q

Acid+metal=

A

Salt+hydrogen

38
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Involves electron transfer

39
Q

In redox reactions, what do oxidation and reduction refer to?

A

Oxidation: neutral atom forms positive ion(s) and electron(s).
Reduction: positive ion(s) and electron(s) form a neutral atom

40
Q

What are the 3 types of redox reactions?

A

Hydrogen displacement
Metal displacement
Halogen displacement

41
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

A value that compares the mass of one atom of that element with the mass of one atom of carbon-12

42
Q

Is the relative molecular mass (M) of a molecule?

A

The sum of atomic masses of all atoms in that compound. It’s compares mass of a formula unit with mass of a carbon – 12 atom

43
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

The simplest mole ratio of the elements making up a compound

44
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

It shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

45
Q

What are hydrated salts?

A

Crystals with water molecules attached to them

46
Q

What is concentration?

A

The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent. (mol per litre)

47
Q

What is molarity/molar concentration?

A

The number of moles of solute in 1 L of solvent

48
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of which the concentration is known exactly

49
Q

What do you call a flask with an exact volume?

A

A volumetric flask

50
Q

What does STP stand for?

A

Standard temperature pressure

Science (19 decks)

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