Grab bag Flashcards
(42 cards)
Patients that need prophylactic antibiotics against Infective Endocarditis?
- Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
- including Transcatheter valves
- Implanted prosthetic material (annuloplasty rings)
- H/o Infective Endocarditis
- Unrepaired Cyanotic heart Disease
- repair w/ residual shunt
- Patients w/ h/o cardiac transplant who have regurgitant lesion
Intraoperative fluid management for infant?
20-40 cc/kg of isotonic crystalloid if otherwise healthy infant
Sensitivity?
TP/(TP+FN)
Specificity?
TN/(FP+TN)
Pulmonary function in neonate?
Pliable rib cage –> retractions –> leads to less efficient gas exchange
Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy?
T3 exerts direct effects on myocardium –> fibrotic and fatty changes with eosinophilic infiltration
FiO2 strategy with amiodarone?
Limit FiO2 as much as possible given the concern of pulmonary fibrosis with chronic amiodarone usage
Amiodarone class?
Class III antiarrhythmic
- affects phase 3 of cardiac cycle
Amiodarone pharmacokinetics?
LONG half-life
- very lipid soluble
Amiodarone MOA
Blocks K+ channels, Ca+, Na+ channels
- affects beta-adrenergic receptors –> decreases automaticity of fibers
Least accurate of core temps?
- Bladder = subject to urine flow and prolonged response time
4 best temp monitoring sites
- Distal Esophagus
- Nasopharynx
- TM
- PA
Nitrous flammability
N20 is flammable and should be avoided during airway/laser surgery
Hypopharynx anatomical borders
level of epiglottis to level of cricoid cartilage
Larynx
base of epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Nasopharynx
base of skull to soft palate
oropharynx
soft palate to epiglottis
West Zone with greatest amount of dead space to alveolar ventilation ratio?
West Zone 1
Hallmark features of lumbar vertebrae
- Vertebral bodies are large and wide
- Spinous processes are broad and extend posterior
- Nerve roots exit below pedicle
- SP are not super angulated
Benefits of leukoreduction
- Lower febrile reactions
- Less viral transmission
- Less bacterial infection
- Reduced inflammatory accumulation during storage
What is leukoreduction?
decrease or complete elimination of donor leukocytes in the blood
- special filters applied
Why is radioactive iodine alone bad for sole treatment of hyperthyroid?
Uptake of iodine will destroy overactive thyroid cells –> release of thyroid hormone into blood stream –> hyperthyroid (thyroid storm)
How to ensure adequate brain cooling during hypothermic arrest?
Maintain CPB for 20 mins once target temp is achieved –> ensures proper cooling of neural tissues
When are transplumonary pressures the highest during normal breathing?
Restrictive lung disease –> IPF
- this is due to a reduction in the lung compliance
