Grade 10 Biology Cell Organelles Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
What is the basic unit of life?
A
The cell.
2
Q
True or False: All cells have a nucleus.
A
False.
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
A
nucleus.
4
Q
What organelle is responsible for energy production?
A
Mitochondria.
5
Q
Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’?
A
Mitochondria.
6
Q
What is the function of ribosomes?
A
Protein synthesis.
7
Q
Multiple choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in packaging and transporting proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria
A
B) Golgi apparatus.
8
Q
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A
To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids.
9
Q
True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials.
A
True.
10
Q
What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?
A
Cell wall.
11
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
A
chloroplast.
12
Q
Multiple choice: Which organelle is found only in plant cells? A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplast C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus
A
B) Chloroplast.
13
Q
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
A
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
14
Q
True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles.
A
True.
15
Q
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?
A
Cytoplasm.
16
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in the synthesis of lipids.
A
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
17
Q
What organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
A
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
18
Q
Multiple choice: Which organelle is known for its role in cell division? A) Ribosome B) Centrioles C) Lysosome D) Chloroplast
A
B) Centrioles.
19
Q
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
A
Rough ER and Smooth ER.
20
Q
True or False: All organelles are membrane-bound.
A
False.
21
Q
What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?
A
Storage of substances.
22
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ helps in the modification of proteins.
A
Golgi apparatus.
23
Q
What is the role of cytoskeleton in the cell?
A
To provide structural support and facilitate movement.
24
Q
Multiple choice: Which organelle is involved in the digestion of macromolecules? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Ribosome
A
B) Lysosome.
25
What is the function of peroxisomes?
To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
26
True or False: Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True.
27
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
28
True or False: All cells have a nucleus.
False.
29
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
30
What organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria.
31
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria.
32
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
33
Multiple choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in packaging and transporting proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus.
34
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids.
35
True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials.
True.
36
What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?
Cell wall.
37
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
chloroplast.
38
Multiple choice: Which organelle is found only in plant cells? A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplast C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus
B) Chloroplast.
39
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
40
True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles.
True.
41
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?
Cytoplasm.
42
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in the synthesis of lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
43
What organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
44
Multiple choice: Which organelle is known for its role in cell division? A) Ribosome B) Centrioles C) Lysosome D) Chloroplast
B) Centrioles.
45
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER and Smooth ER.
46
True or False: All organelles are membrane-bound.
False.
47
What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage of substances.
48
Fill in the blank: The __________ helps in the modification of proteins.
Golgi apparatus.
49
What is the role of cytoskeleton in the cell?
To provide structural support and facilitate movement.
50
Multiple choice: Which organelle is involved in the digestion of macromolecules? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Ribosome
B) Lysosome.
51
What is the function of peroxisomes?
To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
52
True or False: Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True.
53
54
Specialized Cells Grade 10
55
What are specialized cells?
Cells that have specific functions and structures adapted for particular tasks.
56
True or False: All cells in a multicellular organism have the same function.
False
57
Fill in the blank: Specialized cells are essential for the _____ of complex organisms.
functioning
58
What type of specialized cell is responsible for transmitting signals in the nervous system?
Neuron
59
Which specialized cell type is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood?
Red blood cell
60
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of specialized cell? A) Muscle cell B) Epithelial cell C) Stem cell D) Neuron
C) Stem cell
61
What is the primary function of a muscle cell?
To contract and facilitate movement.
62
True or False: Epithelial cells line the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body.
True
63
Fill in the blank: Specialized cells often arise from _____ cells.
stem
64
What is the role of a white blood cell?
To defend the body against infection.
65
Multiple Choice: Which specialized cells are responsible for producing hormones? A) Neurons B) Glandular cells C) Muscle cells D) Red blood cells
B) Glandular cells
66
What specialized cell is found in the epidermis of the skin?
Keratinocyte
67
True or False: All specialized cells can divide and replicate indefinitely.
False
68
Fill in the blank: Specialized cells often have unique _____ that enable them to perform their specific functions.
structures
69
What type of specialized cell is involved in the absorption of nutrients in the intestines?
Intestinal epithelial cell
70
Multiple Choice: Which specialized cell type is responsible for the conduction of electrical impulses? A) Muscle cell B) Neuron C) Epithelial cell D) Red blood cell
B) Neuron
71
What is the primary function of adipose (fat) cells?
To store energy and insulate the body.
72
True or False: Specialized cells can change into other types of cells.
False
73
Fill in the blank: Specialized cells typically have a _____ shape that relates to their function.
specific
74
What type of specialized cell forms the protective outer layer of the skin?
Keratinocyte
75
Multiple Choice: Which specialized cell is primarily involved in the immune response? A) Neuron B) Muscle cell C) White blood cell D) Red blood cell
C) White blood cell
76
What specialized cells produce myelin in the nervous system?
Glial cells
77
True or False: Specialized cells can vary in size and shape based on their functions.
True
78
Fill in the blank: The function of a specialized cell is often closely linked to its _____ and biochemical composition.
structure
79
What is the main function of a sperm cell?
To fertilize an egg.
80
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a specialized cell found in the pancreas? A) Beta cell B) Neuron C) Red blood cell D) Muscle cell
A) Beta cell
81
What type of specialized cell is responsible for the synthesis of antibodies?
Plasma cell
82
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into many different cell types.
83
True or False: Stem cells can only differentiate into one specific type of cell.
False
84
Fill in the blank: Stem cells can be classified into two main types: ________ and ________.
embryonic, adult
85
What is the main characteristic of embryonic stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.
86
What type of stem cells are found in adult tissues?
Adult stem cells
87
Multiple choice: Which type of stem cell is more limited in differentiation? A) Embryonic B) Adult C) Both
B) Adult
88
What is the role of stem cells in tissue repair?
Stem cells can divide and differentiate to replace damaged or lost cells in tissues.
89
True or False: All stem cells are the same.
False
90
What is a major ethical concern regarding embryonic stem cell research?
The destruction of embryos.
91
Fill in the blank: Stem cells have the ability to ________ and ________ into specialized cells.
self-renew, differentiate
92
What is induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?
iPSCs are adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.
93
Multiple choice: Which stem cell type can be derived from a patient's own tissue? A) Embryonic B) Adult C) Both
B) Adult
94
What is the significance of stem cell research in medicine?
It has the potential to treat diseases, regenerate damaged tissues, and advance our understanding of developmental biology.
95
True or False: Stem cells can only be used in regenerative medicine.
False
96
What are the two main properties of stem cells?
Self-renewal and potency.
97
Fill in the blank: ________ stem cells can give rise to all cell types of the body.
Pluripotent
98
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a source of stem cells? A) Bone marrow B) Hair follicles C) Skin cells
C) Skin cells
99
What is the term for the process by which stem cells become specialized cells?
Differentiation
100
True or False: Adult stem cells have a higher risk of rejection than embryonic stem cells.
False
101
What is a common application of stem cells in therapy?
Bone marrow transplants for leukemia patients.
102
Fill in the blank: The study of stem cells and their potential uses is known as ________.
stem cell research
103
What is the potential benefit of using iPSCs in medicine?
They can be used to generate patient-specific cells for treatment.
104
Multiple choice: Which type of stem cell is typically easier to obtain? A) Embryonic B) Adult
B) Adult
105
What is the role of stem cells in embryonic development?
They give rise to all the different cell types that make up the organism.
106
True or False: All stem cells can be used to treat any disease.
False
107
What is the primary process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
108
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.
False
109
Fill in the blank: The main pigment involved in photosynthesis is called _____ .
chlorophyll
110
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle
111
Which gas is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
112
Multiple Choice: What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? A) To produce glucose B) To release energy C) To absorb sunlight D) To create oxygen
B) To release energy
113
Where does cellular respiration primarily occur in the cell?
Mitochondria
114
True or False: Cellular respiration can occur without oxygen.
True
115
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron transport chain
116
Fill in the blank: The formula for photosynthesis can be summarized as 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + _____ .
6O2
117
Multiple Choice: Which molecule is produced during glycolysis? A) ATP B) NADH C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B
118
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
ATP
119
True or False: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes.
True
120
Fill in the blank: In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the _____ .
chloroplasts
121
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
It acts as an electron carrier.
122
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle? A) ATP B) CO2 C) Glucose D) NADH
C) Glucose
123
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
124
True or False: The Calvin cycle requires light to occur.
False
125
Fill in the blank: The energy stored in glucose is released during cellular respiration in the form of _____ .
ATP
126
What is the main purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
To convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
127
Multiple Choice: Which of the following occurs during glycolysis? A) Production of glucose B) Splitting of glucose C) Formation of oxygen D) Absorption of sunlight
B) Splitting of glucose
128
What do plants use to absorb sunlight?
Chlorophyll
129
True or False: Fermentation is an anaerobic process.
True
130
Fill in the blank: The end products of fermentation are _____ in animals and _____ in yeast.
lactic acid; alcohol
131
What is the significance of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
It produces the majority of ATP.
132
What is telophase in plant cells?
Telophase is the final stage of cell division where the chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense.
133
True or False: During telophase, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
True
134
Fill in the blank: In plant cells, the cell plate forms during telophase to develop into the ______.
cell wall
135
What structure is formed during telophase in plant cells to separate the two daughter cells?
Cell plate
136
What happens to the spindle fibers during telophase?
Spindle fibers disassemble.
137
Multiple Choice: Which of the following occurs during telophase? A) Chromosomes align in the center B) Chromosomes condense C) Nuclear envelope re-forms D) Spindle fibers attach
C) Nuclear envelope re-forms
138
What occurs to the chromosomes during telophase?
Chromosomes decondense back into chromatin.
139
True or False: The cell plate is formed from vesicles that fuse at the center of the dividing cell.
True
140
What is the significance of the cell plate in plant cells?
It leads to the formation of a new cell wall between the two daughter cells.
141
Fill in the blank: Telophase is preceded by ______ in the cell cycle.
anaphase
142
During telophase, how do the daughter nuclei compare to the parent nucleus?
They are genetically identical to the parent nucleus.
143
Multiple Choice: Which phase directly follows telophase in the cell cycle? A) Interphase B) Prophase C) Metaphase D) Anaphase
A) Interphase
144
What type of cells undergo telophase?
Eukaryotic cells, including plant cells.
145
True or False: Telophase is the only phase where the nuclear envelope reforms.
True
146
What is the role of vesicles in the formation of the cell plate during telophase?
They transport materials needed for the new cell wall.
147
Fill in the blank: The process of mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and ______.
telophase
148
What visual change occurs in the plant cell during telophase?
The cell begins to elongate as the cell plate forms.
149
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is absent during telophase? A) Centrioles B) Spindle fibers C) Chromatin D) Nuclear envelope
A) Centrioles
150
What happens to the nucleolus during telophase?
The nucleolus reappears within the newly formed nuclei.
151
True or False: Telophase marks the end of mitosis.
True
152
Fill in the blank: The chromosomes are first visible during ______, but they decondense in telophase.
prophase
153
What is a key difference between telophase in plant and animal cells?
Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.
154
During telophase, what happens to the cytoplasm of the plant cell?
It begins to divide, leading to cytokinesis.
155
Multiple Choice: The term 'cytokinesis' refers to: A) Nuclear division B) Cytoplasmic division C) Chromosome replication D) Spindle formation
B) Cytoplasmic division
156
What is the appearance of chromosomes during telophase?
They appear as less condensed chromatin.
157
What is telophase in plant cells?
Telophase is the final stage of cell division where the chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense.
158
True or False: During telophase, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
True
159
Fill in the blank: In plant cells, the cell plate forms during telophase to develop into the ______.
cell wall
160
What structure is formed during telophase in plant cells to separate the two daughter cells?
Cell plate
161
What happens to the spindle fibers during telophase?
Spindle fibers disassemble.
162
Multiple Choice: Which of the following occurs during telophase? A) Chromosomes align in the center B) Chromosomes condense C) Nuclear envelope re-forms D) Spindle fibers attach
C) Nuclear envelope re-forms
163
What occurs to the chromosomes during telophase?
Chromosomes decondense back into chromatin.
164
True or False: The cell plate is formed from vesicles that fuse at the center of the dividing cell.
True
165
What is the significance of the cell plate in plant cells?
It leads to the formation of a new cell wall between the two daughter cells.
166
Fill in the blank: Telophase is preceded by ______ in the cell cycle.
anaphase
167
During telophase, how do the daughter nuclei compare to the parent nucleus?
They are genetically identical to the parent nucleus.
168
Multiple Choice: Which phase directly follows telophase in the cell cycle? A) Interphase B) Prophase C) Metaphase D) Anaphase
A) Interphase
169
What type of cells undergo telophase?
Eukaryotic cells, including plant cells.
170
True or False: Telophase is the only phase where the nuclear envelope reforms.
True
171
What is the role of vesicles in the formation of the cell plate during telophase?
They transport materials needed for the new cell wall.
172
Fill in the blank: The process of mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and ______.
telophase
173
What visual change occurs in the plant cell during telophase?
The cell begins to elongate as the cell plate forms.
174
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is absent during telophase? A) Centrioles B) Spindle fibers C) Chromatin D) Nuclear envelope
A) Centrioles
175
What happens to the nucleolus during telophase?
The nucleolus reappears within the newly formed nuclei.
176
True or False: Telophase marks the end of mitosis.
True
177
Fill in the blank: The chromosomes are first visible during ______, but they decondense in telophase.
prophase
178
What is a key difference between telophase in plant and animal cells?
Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.
179
During telophase, what happens to the cytoplasm of the plant cell?
It begins to divide, leading to cytokinesis.
180
Multiple Choice: The term 'cytokinesis' refers to: A) Nuclear division B) Cytoplasmic division C) Chromosome replication D) Spindle formation
B) Cytoplasmic division
181
What is the appearance of chromosomes during telophase?
They appear as less condensed chromatin.
