Grade 4, term 1&2

Question 1

What is a shell structure? Give an example

Answer 1

Something that is round and hollow, usually made of one continuous substance. Has a strong layer on the outside to hold itself up, e.g. sea shell, weavers nest

Question 2

What is a frame structure? Give an example

Answer 2

Something that is made of rigid parts that are joined together. The parts make up a frame, e.g. struts forming a roof or bridge, bricks forming a wall

Question 3

What are the 7 life process?

Answer 3

'Gary batted second, Matt fielded really excellently'
growing
moving
feeding 
reproducing
breathing
excreting
sensing

Question 4

How do you draw scientific labelling?

Answer 4

1. with a sharp pencil,
2. in print,
3. a blue margin down the right hand side
4. labels written neatly against the blue margin
5. use a ruler to draw lines
6. lines cannot cut the diagram
7. lines must be straight - vertical or horizontal

Question 5

Name 4 types of animal shelters or habitats

Answer 5

grasslands
forests
rivers
sea

Question 6

What is matter (or substance)?

Answer 6

is anything that is in a solid, liquid or gas

Question 7

What are the properties of a solid (4 things)?

Answer 7

1. Has a fixed shape
2. Shape does not change easily
3. Particles are close together
4. Particles have little energy (slow moving particles)
   e. g. brick, apple

Question 8

What are the properties of a liquid (5 things)?

Answer 8

1. Does not have a fixed shape
2. Keeps the shape of the container
3. Liquids flow
4. Particles are not so close together
5. Particles have energy, so they can move around
   e. g. milk, water, oil

Question 9

What are living and non-living organisms?

Answer 9

Living organisms can carry out the 7 life processes; non-living can’t

Question 10

What are the properties of a gas (5 things)?

Answer 10

1. Has no shape
2. Fills the whole container
3. Particles are far apart
4. Particles have lots of energy
5. Normally we can’t see or smell gases
   e. g. air, steam

Question 11

What is change of state?

Answer 11

A substance changes from one state of matter to another when it gains heat or loses heat

Question 12

What is the definition of melting?

Answer 12

When a solid gains heat to become a liquid

Question 13

What is the definition of evaporate?

Answer 13

When a liquid gains heat to become a gas

Question 14

What is the definition of condense?

Answer 14

When a gas cools down to become a liquid

Question 15

What is the definition of solidify?

Answer 15

When a liquid loses heat to become a solid

Question 16

What are some of the things you can comment on when describing an animal (7 things)?

Answer 16

1. size - large, medium or small
2. shape
3. number of limbs
4. type of limbs (e.g. wings, legs)
5. does it have a tail?
6. how does the animal move (e.g. run, fly, slither, crawl)
7. body covering (e.g. feathers, skin, hair, scales, fur)

Question 17

What is the function of the roots?

Answer 17

holds the plant in the soil and absorb water and mineral salts

Question 18

What is the function of the stem?

Answer 18

Keeps the plant upright and holds the leaves and flowers

Question 19

What is the function of the leaves?

Answer 19

Use sunlight to make food for the plant - photosynthesis

Question 20

What is the function of the flowers?

Answer 20

Often smell good and have bright colours to attract insects and birds - this helps the plant to reproduce

Question 21

What is the function of the fruit?

Answer 21

Fruits form from the flower, seeds are found inside the fruit (fruit protects the seeds)

Question 22

What is the function of the seeds?

Answer 22

Seeds grow into new plants

Question 23

What 4 things do plants need to grow?

Answer 23

Water, sunlight, air (carbon dioxide) and warmth

Question 24

What is the first shoot that a seedling grows called?

Answer 24

Plumule

Question 25

What is the first root that a seedling grows called?

Answer 25

Radicle

Question 26

Describe the grasslands. What animals would you find there?

Answer 26

These habitats have lots of types of grasses and few trees, as there is enough rainfall for grass but not for trees. Rainy season is in summer, winters are cold. You would find animals who eat grass there - zebras, impala and buffalo. And you'd find animals who catch these grazing animals - e.g. lion

Question 27

Describe the forests. What animals would you find there?

Answer 27

Forests have lots of tall trees and small plants like ferns. It rains all year round and temperatures here are mostly constant - not too hot or cold. Smaller animals live in forests, such as bushbucks, birds, monkeys, bush pigs and duikers. They eat leaves, fruits and seeds. Monkeys and bush pigs also east insects, worms and lizards. Predators are leopards and eagles

Question 28

Describe the rivers. What animals would you find there?

Answer 28

Rivers have fresh water and the temperature doesn't change much. Animals that live in rivers are fish, tadpoles and water snails. Insects and ducks live above the water and find food in and around the water. Fish and hippos like to eat plants on river banks Predators are crocodiles

Question 29

Describe the seas. What animals would you find there?

Answer 29

Seas have salty water and the temperature does not change much. Animals in the sea are fish, turtles, whales, seals and dolphins. They eat living things e.g. seals eat fish, sharks eat seals. Sea is one of the biggest habitats

Question 30

Give 4 reasons why animals need habitats

Answer 30

1. a place to shelter 2. a place to find food and water 3. a safe place to have babies 4. a place to escape from danger

Question 31

Give some examples of natural shelters for animals

Answer 31

Spiders web, bee hive, meerkat burrow, weaver birds nest, tortoise shell

Question 32

Give some examples of man made shelters for animals

Answer 32

Chicken coop, stable for horses, cattle kraal, hamster cage, sheep pen

Question 33

What is the freezing point of water?

Answer 33

Zero degrees Celcius

Question 34

What is the boiling point of water?

Answer 34

100 degrees Celcius

Question 35

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change in a substance?

Answer 35

Physical change can be reversed e.g. water changes to ice and back to water. A chemical change can't be reversed, e.g. milk that goes sour

Question 36

Give a definition of the water cycle

Answer 36

The movement of water from the land and sea to the air and back again by the processes of evaporating, condensing, freezing and melting

Question 37

In what order does the process happen in the water cycle?

Answer 37

1. Evaporates from seas and rivers 2. Water vapour condenses into liquid form (to make clouds) 3. Wind blows the clouds 4. Rains or snows back to earth

Question 38

What are raw materials and manufactured materials?

Answer 38

Raw materials = natural things such as wood and clay, that are made into other things Manufactured materials = materials or useful things made by people from natural or human-made materials e.g. ceramics, glass, plastic

Question 39

How is glass made?

Answer 39

Sand is heated and melts into liquid form (it becomes malleable & can be shaped easily). When it cools, it becomes glass, useful for making light bulbs, cups and glasses

Question 40

How are ceramics made?

Answer 40

Clay, a raw material, can be shaped into bricks, pots and mugs. It is fired in a hot oven called a kiln to make ceramics (e.g. baths, toilets). Ceramics are brittle and can break easily

Question 41

Give the 5 properties of materials

Answer 41

1. hard or soft 2. stiff or flexible 3. strong or weak 4. light or heavy 5. waterproof or absorbent

Question 42

Give 3 ways to strengthen materials

Answer 42

1. Folding 2. Hollow pillars 3. with struts