Grade 9 Social Studies Final Exam Flashcards
41 questions (41 cards)
What was the Sugar Act?
A British law passed in 1764 that taxed sugar and molasses imported into the colonies.
What was the Stamp Act?
A 1765 tax on paper goods requiring a stamp to show tax had been paid.
What was the Tea Act?
Enacted in 1773, it allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies.
What happened during the Boston Tea Party (1773)?
Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act. Resistance to British taxation.
What was the First Continental Congress (1774)?
A meeting of colonial delegates to resist British policies.
What year was the Declaration of Independence signed?
1776.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Main author of the Declaration of Independence. Key figure in the American revolution and founding father.
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
A Founding Father of the United States, a writer, inventor, diplomat, and political leader. He helped draft the Declaration of Independence, secured French support during the American Revolution, and contributed to the U.S. Constitution. He’s also known for inventions like the lightning rod and bifocals.
Who was Thomas Paine?
A political writer and thinker who inspired American colonists to seek independence from Britain. He wrote the pamphlet Common Sense in 1776, which argued clearly and boldly that the colonies should break away from British rule. His ideas helped shape public opinion during the American Revolution.
Why were colonists dissatisfied with British rule?
Taxes without representation, British military presence, restrictive laws, lack of economic control.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain because it had abundant natural resources (like coal and iron), a large labor force, wealth from trade and colonies, a stable government, and inventors and entrepreneurs who developed new technologies. Its strong navy and access to global markets also supported industrial growth.
How did technology change work during the Industrial Revolution?
Machines replaced manual labor and increased production/efficiency, improved transportation.
How did transportation change?
Railways and steamships made transportation faster and cheaper.
What were living conditions like during the Industrial Revolution?
Often crowded, dirty, and unsafe in growing cities.
How is industrialisation connected to global development today?
It laid the foundation for modern economies and trade.
What was the purpose of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?
To connect Eastern and Western Canada and promote settlement.
How did the CPR promote national unity?
Linked provinces, encouraged shared identity, and supported defense.
How did the CPR affect the economy?
Boosted trade, agriculture, and resource transport.
How did the CPR help develop Western Canada?
Made land accessible and supported farming and business, promoted settlement and connected the west to the east and international markets.
What were three motivations behind European colonization?
Economic gain, religious freedom, and political power.
What is imperialism?
Imperialism is a policy where a powerful country extends its control over other countries or territories, often through force or political and economic influence, to gain resources, land, or strategic advantages.
What is colonialism?
Colonialism is the practice of a country establishing settlements in another land and controlling its people, economy, and government. It often involves exploiting local resources and suppressing Indigenous cultures and rights.
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism is an economic theory where a country gains wealth by controlling trade and accumulating gold and resources. Colonies existed mainly to supply raw materials to the mother country and buy its finished goods, benefiting the empire.
What were long-term effects of colonization on Indigenous peoples?
Land loss, cultural disruption, and social challenges.
