Grading stuff

Question 1

Usefulness equation:

Answer 1

Usefullness = (Relevance x validity) / Work

Question 2

A single study has a ____; a body of evidence about a particular question contributes to ____

Answer 2

level of evidence;

the grade/strength of recommendation

Question 3

Systems to be familiar with:

Answer 3

1. Center for EBM
2. Primary Care-Strenght of Recommendation Taxonomy (PC-SORT)
3. US Preventive Services Task Force
4. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)

Question 4

PC-SORT values

Answer 4

POEMs over DOES

Question 5

US PSTF has balance balance between; what is grading system?

Answer 5

1. certainty of evidence (quality and sample size of accumulated evidence, with more CERTAINTY with LARGER SAMPLES)
2. Magnitude of benefit (benefit to harm comparison favors screening);
   A, B, C, D, I (A has good evidence, benefits outweigh harms and strong recommendation, and go down based on how benefits are relative to harms since evidence will be fair until I)

Question 6

GRADE: there is a clear

Answer 6

separation b/w quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (quality might be good, but doesn’t mean necessarily high strength of recommendation)

Question 7

High quality for GRADE means

Answer 7

further research very unlikely to change our confidence in estimate of effect; moderate, low, very low quality indicate that further research might be needed

Question 8

For GRADE, randomized trials begin as ____ and observational studies begin as -____

Answer 8

High quality; low quality

Question 9

What can decrease quality of evidence?

Answer 9

1. Study validity limitations
2. Inconsistency of results b/w studies
3. Indirectness of evidence (wrong outcomes, pops)
4. Imprecision of estimate of effect (P value, CI)
5. Publication bias

Question 10

For GRADE strength of recommendation, what does it come down to?

Answer 10

1. Quality of evidence
2. Uncertainty about balance b/w desirable and undesirable effects
3. Uncertainty or variability in values and preferences
4. Uncertainty about whether intervention represents wise use of resources