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Gram + Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Gram +

Spore formers

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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2
Q

Gram + Bacilli

Non spore formers

A 
Corynebacterium
Aerobic Actinomyces
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Lactobacillus
Kurthia
Rothia
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3
Q

Bacillus species

A

Anthracis

Cereus

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4
Q

Clostridium species

A

Botulinum
Tetani
Perfringens
Difficile

Jeikeium
Urealyticum
Amycolatum
Pseudotuberculosis
Ulcerans
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5
Q

Aerobic / Facultative anaerobic

Most are saprophytic, contaminants normal flora of GI of animals

Catalase +
Spore forming

A

Bacillus

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6
Q

All bacillus are motile and gelatinase + except

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

All bacillus are lecithinase + except

A

B subtilis

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8
Q

Aerobic,Gram + bacilli

Box-car shaped

Non-motile

Spore forming

Medusa head morphology

A

Bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

Dry ground glass surface and irregular edges with infected animals or inhalation of spores from animal hair and wool

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

Wool sorter’s disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

Produces acid from glucose, sucrose, maltose

Fails to produce acid from xylose, mannitol, lactose or salicin

Most strains are + for lecithinase

Starch hydrolysis +

A

Bacillis anthracis

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12
Q

Virulent enzyme of bacillus anthracis

Phospholipase that acts upon lecithin

A

Lecithinase

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13
Q

Tests lecithinase specific for Anthrax

A

Nagler’s reaction

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14
Q

Can survive in harsh environment

Biohazard safety level 3

A

Bacillus anthracis

TB

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15
Q

Facilitates transport of

edema factor
lethal factor

by Bacillus anthracis

A 
Anthrax capsule exotoxin
Protective Antigen (PA)
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16
Q

Anthrax capsular virulence factors

A

Protective antigen
Edema factor
Lethal factor

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17
Q

Bacillus anthracis capsule

Resists phagocystosis

A

Glutamic acid

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18
Q

Glutamic acid capsule of anthrax is

A

Poly-D glutamic Acid

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19
Q

Transmission of anthrax

Most frequent infected animals:

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Direct contact

Sheep, cattle
Horse goat

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20
Q

Discovered anthrax

A

Robert koch

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracis Inhibits phagocytosis because of

A

Glutamyl polypeptide capsule

Poly-D-glutamate

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22
Q

Calmodulin dependent adenylate cyclase factor by Bacillus anthracis

A

Edema factor

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23
Q

Inhibits a signal transduction in cell division of by Bacillus anthracis

A

Lethal factor

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24
Q

Mediates entry of Edema Factor and Lethal Factor into cell

of Bacillus anthracis

A

Protective Antigen

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25
Edema factor + Protective Antigen | of Bacillus anthracis
Edema toxin
26
Lethal factor + Protective antigen | of Bacillus anthracis
Lethal toxin
27
``` Bamboo rods Locks of matted hair: Medusa head colonies Lecithinase + Gelatin liquefaction: inverted pine tree String of pearl test Red Line Alert Test (immunoassay) ```
Bacillus anthracis
28
Most common form of anthrax
Cutaneous Inhalation (Woolsorter’s disease) Intestinal
29
Direct epidermal contact with spores Small, red macular lesion that progresses to a vesicle and finally to necrosis is called Black eschar 20% mortality rate
Cutaneous anthrax Malignant pustule
30
Bacillus anthracis Tx
Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Pen G Erythromycin Vaccine
31
Wool sorters disease Incubation
1-7 days
32
Pulmonary woolsorter’s disease Stages
Initial phase - nonspecific (mild fever, malaise) Second phase - mediastinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis; shock; severe respiratory distress Third phase - mortality
33
Intestinal anthrax symptoms
``` Nausea Loss of apetite Vomiting often with blood noted Fever Diarrhea ```
34
Non-motile Boxcar-like Only bacterium with poly-D-glutamate capsule Toxin germinates in lungs, intestines, skin (pXO1, pXO2) Most common route: cutaneous; malignant pustule GI: necrotic hemorrhage, most deadly form DOC: ciprofloxacin; doxycycline
Bacillus anthracis
35
Gene carrying plasmids of bacillus anthracis
pXO1 | pXO2
36
Anthrax vaccine
Biothrax
37
Conditions that can present with pulmonary hemorrhage
Congenital syphilis Leptospirosis Pulmonary anthrax
38
Motile Hemolysis: wide zone beta hemolysis Produces acid from glucose, maltose and salicin Fails to produce acid from xylose, mannitol or lactose Lecithinase +
Bacillus cereus
39
Aerobic, Gram +, spore forming Motile Non-encapsulated Spores on grains such as rice survive steaming and rapid frying Chinese fried rice disease Spores germinate when rice is kept warm for many hours (reheated fried rice)
Bacillus cereus
40
Spectrum of disease | Bacillus cereus
Emetic form Diarrheal form Ophthalmitis
41
Infected contact lenses
Acanthamoeba
42
Two types of Bacillus cereus toxin
Emetic - heat labile; like E coli; reheated fried rice Diarrheal toxin - heat stable; Staph aureus; meat dishes and sauces
43
Bacillus Tx
Supportive
44
Laboratory contaminant Recognition of contaminant of plated media Large flat dull with ground glass Beta hemolytic
Bacillus subdilis
45
Bacillis cereus cultivation culture media
Mannitol yolk-polymyxin B agar (MYPA) Bicarbonate agar Blood agar
46
Diphteroids Slightly curved, Gram + rods non parallel sides and sometimes wider ends “clubbed” appearance Catalase + >46 species most are rarely pathogenic Diptheriae Ulcerans Pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium
47
Weakly acid-fast Club-shaped Pleomorphic bacilli Chinese characters: V and L forms Babes-Ernst granules using methylene blue
C diptheriae
48
Babes-Ernst granules are also called
Volutin granules | Metachromatic
49
Toxigenic strains cause diptheria Catalase + Potassium tellurite Loeffler’s medium -Babes Ernst granules Pharyngeal pseudomembrane serve as base for dreaded complication to heart and nervous system
Corynebacterium diptheriae
50
Complications of diptheriae
Myocarditis | CNS
51
Diptheria toxin
A subunit | B subunit
52
C diptheria Tx
Erythromycin | Penicillin
53
Stains for corynebacterium diptheria
Albert’s Neisser’s Ponder’s stain Loeffler’s alkaline methylene blue
54
C diptheria presentation:
Cutaneous - necrotic skin lesion | Respiratory - pseudomembrane formation; bull neck appearance
55
C diptheria Enzymatically active site (ADP ribosylation) Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2 Local cell necrosis and subsequent inflammation
Fragment / Subunit A Exotoxin (Gram +) Encoded by B prophage
56
C diptheria Receptor binding site Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2 Local cell necrosis and subsequent inflammation
Fragment/Subunit B Exotoxin (encoded by B prophage)
57
Also Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
58
C diptheria exoxtoxin inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP ribosylation to
Elongation factor 2
59
Destroys host cells by initiating protein synthesis, pseudomembrane Narrow zone of beta hemolysis ``` 4 biotypes Gravis (most severe) Intermedius Belfanti Mitis ```
C diptheria
60
Media used to enhance morphologic appearance of C diptheriae
Pai’s coagulated egg agar | Loeffler’s serum slant
61
Black with dark brown halo - Tinsdale agar Urease - Catalase + Non motile, glucose and maltose fermenter Nitrate reduction +
Corynebacterium diptheriae
62
Preferred culture medium for C diptheria
Cystine tellurite Agar Tinsdale medium Collistin-Nalidixic Acid CNA Agar (if former two not available)
63
Immuno diffusion technique In vitro virulence test performed upon C diptheria Used to test toxigenicity
Elek Test | Immunodiffusion technique
64
Intracutaneous skin test that determines susceptibility of C diptheria
Schick test
65
Most appropriate specimen of C diptheriae
Pseudomembrane Gray-Whitish membrane
66
``` Sore throat Pseudomembrane Bullneck Myocarditis Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis Muscle paralysis ```
C diptheria
67
``` ADP Ribosylation Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diptheria Elongation factor Gram ```
C diptheria
68
C diptheria Tx
Penicillin IM Erythromycin Antitoxin
69
For 2,4 and 6 months 15-18 months 4-6 years
DTap
70
11-12 years | for teens
Tdap
71
Every 10 years | for adults
Td | Tdap

Microbiology (16 decks)

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