Gram negative bacteria Flashcards
What is common between all enterobacteriacae?
non/Spore-forming?
Aerobes/anerobes?
Catalase?
Macconkey + oxidase?
Non-spore forming
Facultative anaerobes
Most catalase positive
MacConkey positive + Oxidase negative
E coli
Location
Catalase
Non/Lactose fermenter?
Virulence factors
Diseases?
Location
- normal flora of GI tract
- female genital tract
Catalase: positive
Lactose fermenter
Virulence factor
- endotoxin
- Pili
Diseases?
- UTI
- Bacteremia
- neonatal
- meningitis
- GI infection
Shigella spp.
Location
Catalase
Non/Lactose fermenter?
Virulence factors
Diseases?
Location
- only found during infection
(not in normal flora)
Catalase: positive
Non-Lactose fermenter
Virulence factors
- Adhesion
- Invasion
- Toxins
Diseases
- Dysentery
Salmonella spp.
Location
Catalase
Non/Lactose fermenter?
Virulence factors
Diseases?
Location
- in bowel during infection
(not in normal flora)
Catalase: negative
Non-Lactose fermenter
Virulence factors
- adhesion
- Survival
- Dissemination
Diseases
- Gastroenteritis
- Enteric fever
- Bacteremia
What are other enterobacteriaceae disease formed?
Hospital-origination infections
Acinetobacter spp.
Aerobic?
Shape?
Location
Infection?
Virulence factors?
Aerobic
Shape: coccobacilli
Location: soil, water, skin, mucous membrane, secretions, hosptials
Infections
- noscomial (hospital originating)
- UTI
- Bacteremia
- Endocarditis
Pseudonomads aeruginosa
MacConkey + oxidase
Location
Virulence factors (7)
Infections caused
MacConkey positive + oxidase positive
Location
- rare: intestinal flora, skin
Virulence factors (7)
- Pili
- Exotoxin A
- Endotoxins
- Alginate: inhibits phagocytosis
- Pyocyanin: produces reactive oxygen species (MAKES GREEN COLOUR)
- Form biofilms
- Antibiotic resistance
**Opportunistic pathogen
Infections caused
- Hospital acquired
- Otitis externa
- Osteomyelitis
- UTIs
- RTIs (in cystic fibrosis patients)
All Haemophilus
MacConkey + oxidase?
Requirement:
aerobes/anerobes:
Location:
MacConkey negative + oxidase variable
Requirement: enriched media (blood)
Metabolism: facultative anerobes
Location: Upper respiratory tract
Haemophilus influenza
Virulence factors
Infections
Virulence
- Capsule
- Pili (attachment)
Infections
- Meningitis
- Otitis media
- Pneumonia
- Bacteremia
Haemophilus ducreyi
Virulence
Infections
Virulence
- pili
- capsule
- toxins
Infections caused
- Chancroid STD
Which bacteria is usually recovered on special media (stain poorly)
Location
Metabolism
Requirement
Virulence factor
Infection
Legionella pneumophila
Location: lakes, streams, rivers
- Common in AC systems,
- In hospitals: from taps, sinks, showers
- No person-person transmission
Metabolism: obligate anaerobic
Requirement: medium with iron and L-cysteine
Virulence factors
- gene incoding for type II secretion systems–> intracellular growth
- genes that encode for degradation of lipases, proteinases
Infection
- vary from mild flu to severe pneumonia
- Pontiac fever
Neisseriae ghonorrhoeae
Location
Symptoms
Virulence factors
Infection
Location (only during infection)
- genitalia
- eyes
- rectum
Symptoms
- can be asympotmatic
Virulence factors
- pili
- capsule
- endotoxin
- outer membrane porin
Infection
- LEADING STI
- pharyngitis, conjunctivitis
Neisseria Meningitidis
Location
Symptoms
Virulence factors
Infection
Location
- oropharynx
- nasopharynx
Symptoms
- Asymptomatic
Virulence factors
- IgA protease
- pili
- capsule
- endotoxin
Infection
- Meningitis
- Bacteremia
Moraxella catarrhalis
Shape
Location
Virulence factors
Infection
Shape
- diplococci (pairs)
Location
- normal flora (upper resp tract, vagina)
Virulence factors
- unknown
Infection
- otitis media
- sinusitis
- pneumonia
