Gram Positive Flashcards
(24 cards)
Nocardia
Soil sarpophyte Long , branched fillaments Wrinkled colonies Obligate aerobic Carotenoid pigment Facultative pathogen , local lesions
N. Asteroideus: cattle: chronic suppuration, mastitis
Dermatophilus
Skin,soil Coccoid-filaments \+/- flahella Obligate aerobic, CO2 Blood agar Proteolytic Wrinkled yellow colonies Life cycle: flagellated coccus(zoosppra)-filaments-branching-growth-cracking-zoospora
D. Congolensis: Ru+Hu: exudative dermatitis
Renibactrium
Water Fish Obligate IC pathogen Rod, short chains Aerobic 15-18 c° Fastidious (cysteine , serum)
R. Salmoninaruim- septicaemia. Slamon,trout: abscess in kidneys
Rhodococcus
Soil , foals gut Coccus (begining of replication)-rod cycle Polymorphic Capsule Obligate aerobe Pink pigment C+, O+ , OF- CAMP test
R. Equi: foal- pneumonia , ulcerative enteritis , artritis
Su+bo: abscesses
Hu; pneumonia , abcesses (in immunosuppresion)
Actinomyces
Mucous membrabe (esp. GI) Branching filaments Sulphur granules im pus (not in medium) Facultative anaerobic Blood agar Facultative pathogen
Causes actinomycosis: abcesses in mouth , lung, GI(pus)
- A. Bovis; lumpy jaw
- A. Viscous: hu+ca
- A. Israeli: hu
- Hordeovulneris: dog
Trueperella
Respiratory + uriniary + GI tract Facultative anaerobic Polymorphic Blood + serum agar Protein demand
T. Pyogenes: haemolysis, suppuration, mastitis (bovine summer mastitis), metritis, pneumonia
Actinobaculum
A. Suis: anaerobic
Pigs genitals: purulent cystitis, pyelonephritis
Mycobacterium (habitat, morphology, staining, culture) + facultative pathogenic sp.
Infected host(obligate pathogen) ,soil, water (can be obligate, Facultative or saprophytes) Rod, cocciod , colorless in G Mycolic acid, lipid, wax Ziehl-Neelsen positive - red (acid fast: lipid takes dye) Obligate aerobic Egg , serum , glycerine potato Selective: malachite green, animal trial C-
*Su,bo: local lesions , (generalized tuberculosis)
“M. Fortuitum , M. Marinaruim: tubercle in fish, reptiles
- Groups by speed of growth+pigment:
i. Photochromogens(light for pigment prodc.): Kanasii , marinarum
ii. scotochromagens (no light): m. Gordonae
iii. Non chromagens: intracellularae
iv. Rapid growers: phlei
Mycobacterium (Ag, resistance) + obligate pathogenic sp.
*TUBERCULIN; purified protein derivate, tuberculosis diagnosis. (SC: + if swells) Excellent resistance Replicates in macrophages AG in glycolipids Immunoelectrophoresis
Obligate pathogens:
- M. Tuberculosis: all
- Africanum: hu
- M bovis; Ru,su,ca,hu - VACCINE BCG
- M. caprae: ru, su , hu
- M. Avium subsp. Paratuberculosis: ru paratuberculosis
- M. leprae- hu
- M. lepraemurium: hu , mouse leprosy
*Replicates in LN
Cornybacyerium
Mucous , skim,soil Polymorphism on the same smear: rodd,coccid, Chinese letters Metachromatic granules stained strongly Blood agar C+, O- Toxin
Local suppuration, arthritis , mastitis, metritis
1 .C. Diphtheriae: hu diftery (throat inflammation)
2. C pseudotuberculosis:
i. Nitrate negative biotype:
sheep, goat: pseudotuberculosis (lymphadenitis)
i. Nitrate positive: nitrate>nitrite
equine ulcerative lymphadenitis
3. Cattle UTI: Renale,pilosum,cystitidis
Listeria
Soil, sewage, silage - can replicate in the environment!! Thick rods Flagella (room temp 21c°) Can propagate in cold!! 4-45 c° Facultative anerobic PH 5.5-9.6 Not fastidious Cold enrichment: refrigerator (other bacteria cannot propagate) C+, O- Ag O,K Haemolysis
- L.monocytogenes: All: encephalitis, abortion (silage),spectaemia
- L. Ivanovii: ru- abortion
Erysipelothrix
Resides in Swine tonsils GI , fish slime Curved rod Thin capsule Resistant to high osmotic pressure Wide temp+ PH Blood agar (alpha hem) S colonies: actute Infection R colonies: chronic infection Selective: neomycin C-, O- , H2S + Coagulase + , hyaluronidase+ 1.E. rhusiopathiae: zoonotic (hu endocarditis) Su diamond skin disease, chronic arthritis Sheep polyarthritis, endocarditis Hu: erysipeloid (cellulitis) 2. E. Tonsilarium: not pathogenic for pigs, dog endocarditis
Enterococcus
Intestine Tolerate bile acid McConckey agar (red pin point colonies) PH 9.6 Alpha-haemolysis (Previously belonged to streptococci D cell wall Ag) Mainly saprophyte
E. Faecalis, E.faeciu, E.avium, E. Gallinerum: endocarditis+ abscess.
Lactococcus
Lancefield N
L. Lactis ssp. Lactis+ Cremoris: milk industry
Lactobacillus
Mucous membrane , gut , vagina , food Rod Microaerophilic Acidic PH Active fermantation , ferments lactose Saprophyte 1. L. Delbrucki ssp. Lactis+ bulgaricus 2. L. Acidophilus 3. Salivarius
Anaerobic Cocci
- Peptococcus: metritis , artritis , pneumonia
- Peptostreptococcus indolicus: bovine summer mastitis
- Ruminococcus
- Sarcina
Streptococcus
Commensals in skin GI+Resp+genital tract, Food Chain coccus Capsule - antiphagocytic Fastidious,: blood/serum agar , (CO2) Facultative anaerobic Doesn't grow on McConkey Edwards agar C- , O- Lancefiled grouping (cell wall polysaccharides A-W)
- S. Pyogenes: hu scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, hu erysipelas , pharynigitis , tonsilitis
- S agalactiae, dysagalactiae: mastitis
- S. Equi: ssp. Equi: strangles
- S. Suis: meningitis
Staphylococcus (habitat, morphology, culture), coagulase positive sp.
Commensals on skin Mucous membranes, food No capsule, no flagella Facultative anaerobic Not fastidious *Bovine + hu strains - golden pigment Selective: 10% NaCl-mannitol-phenol red Pyruvate, egg yolk Coagulase positive sp.: 1. S. Aureus ssp. Aureus (A-E): local suppuration, abcesses, post-surgical infections - arthritis, mastitis, meteritis, spectaemia 2. S. Aureus ssp. Anaerobius: MOREL-disesse of sheep (abcessess near LN) 3. S. Pseudiintermedius: Ca: Ca- endometritis, mastitis
Staphylococcus (virulence,groupping)+ coagulase negative
C+, O-
Coagulase (fibrinogen>fibrin : macrophages can’t move)
Lipase, elastase, hyaluronidase, staohylokinase- EC enzymed for tissue invasion
Haemolysin: SM spasm - necrotising
Sphingomyelinase: damage cell membrane
Enterotixins, toxic shock syndrome
Coagulase negative sp. :
- S. Hyicus: exudative epidermitis - “greasy pig disease” (less than 3m old)
- Epidermidis, S. Haemolytica, S. Felis; dermatitis
Micrococcus
Environment , mucous membranes, skin
Pigment (yellow/pink)
C+ , O+
Obligate aerobe
M. Luteus: saprophytic , not pathogenic
Clostridium (habitat, morphology, culture) + gas gangrene
Soil , water, gut Rod Flagell (ex. Prefr.) SPORE terminal/sunterminal/central( C. Botulinum spore: 3-4h boiling) Anaerobic , different oxytolerance Blood agar
Gas gangrene diseases
i. Malignent oedema (ru+su): C. Septicum, novyi,haemolyticum, histolyticum, sordellii
ii. Blackleg (bo+sheep): C. Chauvoei - haemolysis
iii. Human gas gangrene; perfringes A, Novyi A
Clostridium ( resistance , phathogenicity, grouping) + sp.
C-, O- , prolytic
Good resistance: vegetitive , spore - dry=years
C. Botulinum: 3-4h boiling
Enteroxaemic diseases;
i. Necrotic enteritis in chicken: C. Perfringes A,C
ii. Lamb dysentery: C. Perfringes B
iii. Necrotic enteritis in pig: C. Perfringes C
vi: pulpy kidney disease of sheep: C. Perfringes D
v. Ulcerative enteritis in chicken: C. Colinum
Intoxications;
Tenanus , boutilism
- C. Perfringes: optimal temp 40-45
- C. Tetani: strict anaerobe , neuritoxin (inhibits AchE) - rigid paralysis (Hu+eq>Ru+su>Ca>poultry)
- C. Botulinum: inhibits Ach release- flaccid paralysis
Bacillus+ panbacillus
*Bacillus: Environment large rods Central spore obligate/facultative aerobic C+, O+ Flagella Mostly saprophytes i. B. Cereus: hu food posining ii. B. Lichenifirmis: Ru: sporadic abortion iii. Thuringiensis: insect pathogen, pest control
Panbacillus larvae: notifiable disease , American foulbrood of honey bees , larvae digest the spores, death, million spores , beehives must be burned.
Bacillus anthracis
Animals (vegetative) , environment (spore)
Rod, Obligate aerobe
Central spore
Capsule - poly-D glutamic acid (antiphagocytic)
No flagella
R-S colonies (CO2 dependant)
Spore needs 15c°, water, oxygen = DON’T open carcass
37c° - 16h , 18c° up to 3 days , spore- 50y in soil! 5-10 min boiling.
C+, o-
Ascoli test (cereus, detects anthrax)
Oedema , lethal, protective factors
Ru: fatal preacture speticaemic anthrax
Su: subacute anthrax with edematous pharyngeal swell
Eq: subacute anthrax with localized edema+spectaemia
Ca
