Gram positive bacilli handout Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Gram positive bacilli can be divided into 3 groups, based on the presence or absence of endospores and acid-fastness
What are these 3 groups
A
- Endospore- formers
- Non-endospore- formers
- Irregular shaped and staining properties
2
Q
Genus Bacillus uses ______, which is Aerobic
A
Oxygen
3
Q
Genus Clostridium does not use ______ and is ________
A
Oxygen and is Anaerobic
4
Q
Are Genus Bacillus gram positive or gram negative?
A
GP
5
Q
What is the primary habitat of Genus Bacillus?
A
Soil
6
Q
Genus Bacillus is a source of this medication
A
Antibiotics
7
Q
There are ___ species of medical importance,
Bacillus _________ &
Bacillus ______
A
Anthracis and Cereus ( not serious )
8
Q
Bacillus Anthracis are large block shaped ____
A
Rods
9
Q
where do Exotoxins reside?
A
Skin and Gut
10
Q
There are _ types of Anthracis
A
3
11
Q
3 Types of Anthracis
_________ - Spores enter though the skin
A
Cutaneous
12
Q
3 Types of Anthracis
__________ - Inhalation of spores
A
Inhalation
13
Q
3 types of Anthracis
________________ - Ingested spores
A
Gastrointestinal
14
Q
Anthracis is treated with ____________
A
Antibiotics
15
Q
Bacillus Cereus is serious
T/F
A
F
16
Q
Bacillus Cereus grows in _____
A
Foods
17
Q
Bacillus Cereus can survive cooking and reheating, also common types of disinfection are ineffectie
T/F
A
T
18
Q
When someone has been infected with Bacillus Cereus you should always give them something to stop their diarrhea
T/F
A
False, you should never give anything to stop the body flushing its system,
rehydrate
19
Q
Bacillus Cereus lasts for around __ hours
A
24
20
Q
Bacillus GP is a _____ forming bacilli
A
Spore
21
Q
Genus Clostridium is does not need ______ and therefore is _________
A
Oxygen and is Anaerobic
22
Q
Genus Colstridium causes Wound infections, tissue infections and food intoxications
T/F
A
True
23
Q
Clostridium perfringens cause ___ _________
A
Gas Gangrene
24
Q
The spores of Colstridium are found in ____, human skin, intestines and vagina
A
Soil
25
There are predisposing factors with Clostridium perfringens.
| What are they
```
Surgical incisions
compound fractures
Diabetic ulcers
septic abortions
puncture wounds
gunshot wounds
```
26
Treatment for gas gangrene
Clean it
| removal of dead tissue and antibiotics
27
Homeopathic gun powder can be used for skin infection
| T/F
True
28
Alpha toxin causes ____ rupture, edema and tissue destruction
Red blood cell rupture
29
Does Genus Baciiius use oxygen?
Yes
30
Does Genus Clostriduim use oxygen?
Yes
31
Can anthracis live in the body?
Yes
32
which foods most commonly cause Bacillus cereus?
Fried rice and bean sprouts
33
which foods most commonly cause Bacillus cereus?
Fried rice and bean sprouts
34
Clostridium is a DEEP inside us
| T/F
True, gangrene, tetanus
35
Myo necrosis = even muscle tissue starts to ___
Die
36
Does tetanus require oxygen?
No
37
Tetanus is a _____________ diseasee
Neuromuscular
| Causing spasums
38
Tetanus keeps the muscles from ________
Relaxing
39
Colostridum difficile is a _______ that is already found _________
Bacteria that is already found inside of us
40
Colostridum Defficile becomes more harmful after large doses of ___________
Antibiotics
41
Clostridium Difficile produces an ______ toxin, effecting the _____ _________
Endotoxin, effecting the small intestine
42
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of _______ in hospitals
Diarrhea
43
Psudo = ____
Fake
44
Clostridium difficile causes a ____ membrane
Fake
45
Clostridium Botulinum is rare but _______ intoxication usually from home canned food
Severe
46
Clostridium botulinum causes ______ paralysis
Flaccid
47
Clostrdium perfringens causes ________ paralysis
spasm
48
Botulism is _____ forming
| does it require oxygen?
Spore forming
| does not require oxygen
49
Clostridium botulinum is a _____ forming anaerobe commonly found in ____ and _____
Non spore forming
| Found in soil and water
50
Botulin blocks the release of _______________
Aceyatolcholine
51
With Botulism the most common form of death is from what
Respiratory failure
52
Botox is made from _______ _________
Clostridium Botulinum
53
The effects are used in Western medicine and have had great success. How long does a Botox treatment last?
3-12 months
54
infantile botulism = floppy baby
| T/F
True
55
Treatment for C botulinum
Antibiotics
56
Clostridium perfringens can also effect the ___________
Tummy
57
The action of Botulin is on the ____________
Neuromuscular
58
Listeria monocytogenes are ___ spore forming bacilli
Non spore forming
59
Are Listeria Monocytogenes GP or GN
Gram positive
60
Listeria monocytogenes can have 1-4 ________ meaning tails
Flagella
61
Listeria M are resistant to ____,____,____, PH extremities and Bile
Heat, cold, salt
62
Is Listeria hard to kill?
Yes
63
Virulence continues even after its been Vacuumed up
| T/F
True
64
Listeria uses /tricks the Macrophage
| ( Vacuum ) into eating it so it can be ___________ around the body
Transported
65
What is the primary reservoir for Listera?
Soil, water, animal intestines
66
Can listeria contaminate foods and grow even during refridgeration?
Yes
67
Listeriosis in most cases is associated with which foods
Dairy, chicken , and other meats
68
Listeria is often ____ in normal adults
Mild
69
There is a __% death rate among people who are immunocompromised
20%
70
How can you prevent Listeria?
Cooking your food properly
71
What are the 3 Gram positive Non-spore-forming Bacilli
Corynebacterium-Bowling pin
Propionibacterium-Acne
Mycobacterium-Waxy
72
Who carries Corynebacterium
Healthy people
73
The potential for Diptheriae is ______ present
Always
74
Corynebacterium = Onion skins forming where?
Over the throat causing suffocation
75
How is Diptheriae passed?
Respitory droplets
76
Where do most cases of Cornybacterium occur?
Non immunized children living in crowded unsanitary conditions
77
There are _ stages of Cornybacteria Diptheriae
2
78
First stage of Diptheriae is a _____ infection in the _____ respiratory tract
Local
| Upper
79
Symptoms of first stage Diptheriae are
```
Sore throat
Nausea
vomiting
swollen lymph nodes
Pseudo-membrane formation, can cause asphyxiation
```
80
Second stage Dispheriae targets the ______
Organs
81
Treatment for Diptheriae
Vaccines
Antibiotics
Boosterss
82
Genus Propionibacterium =
Acne
83
Propionibacterium is usually always present on which area of the body
Face, and can cause acne
84
Is Mycobacteria GP or GN?
Gram positive
85
Is Mycobacteria aerobic or anaeriboc?
Aerobic
86
Does Mycobacteria grow fast or slow?
Slow
87
How long can Mycobacteria live in the body?
A long time
88
What is the treatment for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?
Antibiotics
89
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis can linger in the ___
Air
90
Mycobacteria is an irregular shaped bacilli
| T/F
T
| It does not form capsules, flagella or spores
91
M Tuberculosis is commonly found in which areas
Jails ( Drug resistance TB) and close quarters
92
WHat are some predisposing factors for TB
Inadequate nutrition, weak immune system, poor access to medical care., lung damage and genetics
93
There are _ types of TB
3
94
What are the 3 types of TB?
Primary
Secondary - Reinfection from not being fully cured the first time
Disseminated - if it spreads again Extra pulmonary
95
How many cells need to be infected for you to contact TB?
10
96
This bacteria has the ability to stay inside the ______ cells
Vacuum cells
| Macrophages
97
After _ or _ weeks the immune system attacks for tubercles, granulomas consisting of a central core containing bacilli surrounded by WBC
3 or 4 weeks
98
When a patient doesn't recover from primary TB reactivation of _______ can occur
Bacilli
99
The patient experiences more severe symptoms with __________ TB
Secondary
100
Untreated the morality rate is __%
60
101
Extra pulmonary TB meaning _______ of the lungs can travels to other regions of the body
Outside of the lungs travelling to the genitals brain kidneys meninges
102
The skin test for TB is called the _______ test
Mantoux
103
Other types of testing for TB are
Xrays
acid test
culutres
104
Management and prevention of TB
| ___________ and ___________
Antibiotics and vaccine
105
TB is spread through _________
Respiratory
106
The two AEROBIC spore forming Gram positive bacillis are :
Anthracis, cause of anthrax
| Cereus, cause of food poisioning
107
The 4 GP ANAEROBIC bacillis ( non oxygen ) bacteria
```
Colstridium -
Perfringens- Gas Gangrene
Tetani - Tetanus - spasums
Botulinum - Botulism - paralysis
Difficile - intestine super infections
```
108
Non Spore forming Gram positive bacillus
Listeria
- Found in dairy, raw meat
- immunocompermised and babies are high risk
- One of the few Psychrophile pathogenic bacteria
109
Irregular shaped or staining Gram P bacillus
```
1-Cornybacterium diptheriae
-oral pharynx infection, pseudo membrane develops
2-Propionibacterium Acne
3-Mycobacterium TB - slow grower
Primary
secondary
Tertiary
```
110
The Nasal cavity, Pharynx and oropharynx are all part of the _____ respiratory system
Upper
111
Incoming air is filtered by mucus (which traps dust particles) and cilia of columnar epithelial cells (which move the particles to the throat for elimination) – called the ___________ defense.
Mucociliary defense
112
The upper respiratory system also has these associated structures
Sinus
tonsils
epiglottis
113
Larynx, trachea and bronchi are all part of the _____ respiratory system
lower
114
The mucocilia can become damaged by breathing in ____, smoking & vaping
heat
115
laryngotracheobronchitis produces a barking cough may also cause this to occur; a severe airway narrowing near the epiglottis or the larynx causes stridor (whistling sound heard as the person breathes in) What is the common name for this?
Croup
116
What does the term Haemophilus mean?
Blood loving
117
IS Haemophilus Influenza GP or GN
Gram Negative Rod
| Needs a growth factor in human red blood cells
118
Does Haemophilus influenza cause the flu?
NO
119
Clotted blood is also known as _________ agar
Chocolate
120
```
Haemophilus inluenzae can also cause
Meningitis
cellulitis
conjunctivitis
T/F
```
True
121
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pyo = pus forming
This is responsible for a common throat infection known as
Strep throat
122
Pharyngitis commonly known as
Strep throat
123
What are the 4 complications from strep throat?
Scarlet fever
septicemia
rheumatic fever
impetigo
124
Corynebacterium diptheriae bacteria is GP and the shape is
Tennis racket
125
Diptheriae is a __________ bacteria
Respiratory
126
A pseudomembrane is made from dead tissue
| T/F
True
127
Rhino means ____
Nose
128
Common cold known as _____ virus
Rhino
| Rhinorrhea
129
Rhino passed by ________
Fromites
| Towels
130
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes _________
Pneumonia, repiratory droplets
131
Ligionella punmophila cannot be seen with other staining agents, What is used to be able to see the stain?
Silver
132
where does Legionella live?
Natural and artificially supplied water
Airbourne from heat pumps
air conditioners
133
Legionellea is easy to kill
| T/F
F,
| it can withstand heat and chlorine
134
Legionella can cause severe ________
Pneumonia, especially when you have an alcoholic background or are a smoker
135
Pertissus means ________ cough
Whooping
136
Bordetella is highly contagious and is passed though the ___
Air
137
The FLU is an _______ visus
Orthomixo
138
Paramyxovirus causes _____
Croup
139
Mystified COLD air is best for _____ it reduces the welling inside of the _____
Croup
| lungs
140
German measles is deadly for _______ women
Pregnant
141
German measles is not dangerous for healthy people
| T/F
T
142
Rubeola is not dangerous
| T/F
F
143
Smallpox blisters come all at once
| T/F
T
