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Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

Test to separate Staphylococcus & Micrococcus from Streptococcus

A

Catalase Test
* Catalase Positive: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus;
* Catase Negative: Streptococcus

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2
Q

In tetrads

A

Micrococcus

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3
Q

Grapelike in clusters

A

Staphylococci

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4
Q

Identification of Staphlococci

  • Arrangement:
  • O2 Requirement:
  • Hemolysis:
  • Glucose utilization:
  • Bacitracin:
  • Furazolidone:
  • Lysostaphin
  • Microdase:
  • Catase:
  • Coagulase:
  • DNAse:
A
  • Arrangement: Grape-like clusters
  • O2 Requirement: Facultative anaerobe
  • Hemolysis: Beta-hemolytic
  • Glucose utilization: Fermentation
  • Bacitracin: Resistant
  • Furazolidone: Susceptible
  • Lysostaphin Susceptible
  • Microdase: Negative
  • Catalase: Positive
  • Coagulase: Positive
  • DNAse: Positive
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5
Q

Test to differentiate S. aureus from other Staphylococci spp.

A

Coagulase Test
* Coagulase Positive: S. aureus
* Coagulase Negative: S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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6
Q

Used in Coagglutination test which it binds to the Fc portion of IgG

A

Protein A (Cowan 1 strain)

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7
Q

Clumping factor

A

Bound coagulase - detected in Slide Coagulase test

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8
Q

Coagulase Reacting Factor

A

Free coagulase - detected in Tube coagulase test

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9
Q

Spreading Factor/Duran Reynal Factor

A

Hyaluronidase factor

causes Osteomyelitis (#1 common cause - S. aureus)

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10
Q

Fibrinolysin

A

Staphylokinase

dissolves fibrin clot

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11
Q

Leukocidin

A

Panton Valentine Leukocidin

lysis of neutrophils and macrophages

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12
Q

Infection caused by Exfoliatins/Epidermolytic toxin

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

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13
Q

Generalized form of Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Ritter’s disease

<90% of the Body is affected

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14
Q

Localized form of Scalded skin syndrome

A

Pemphygus neonatorum

Milder with few blisters

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15
Q

Toxin causing Food Poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A & B

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16
Q

Toxin causing Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1)

A

Enterotoxin F

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17
Q

Commonly associated case of TSS

A

Menstruating women using TAMPONS

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18
Q

Infection caused by S. epidermidis

A

Endocarditis after prosthetic-heart valve insertion
IV catheters by BIOFILM production

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19
Q

Infection caused by S. saprophyticus

A

UTI in sexually active young females
Honeymoon cystitis

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20
Q

Differential test of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS)

A

Novobiocin
* Novobiocin Susceptible: S. epidermidis
* Novobiocin Resistant: S. saprophyticus

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21
Q

Coagulase Positive in Tube Test

A

S. aureus
S. intermedius

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22
Q

Test to differentiate S. aureus from S. intermedius

A

Acetoin (VP) Test

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23
Q

Rapidly differentiate micrococci from staphylococci

A

Microdase Test

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24
Q

Streptococcus Classification based on Antigenic determinant

A

Lancefield Classification

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25
Streptococcus Classification based on **Hemolysis**
Brown and Smith Classification
26
Streptococcus Classification based on Temperature
Academic or Bergey's Classification
27
Streptococcus Colonies on BAP
Pinpoint colonies
28
Staphylococcus colonies on BAP
Pinhead colonies
29
Differentiate Streptococcus
Hemolysis Pattern
30
Group A Streptococci
S. pyogenes
31
Group B Streptococci
S. agalactiae
32
Group C streptococci
S. eqeuisimilis S. aqeusimus S. dysagalactiae
33
Group D
Enterococcus
34
Strep causing Beta-hemolysis
S. pyogenes (GAS) S. agalactiae (GBS)
35
Strep causing Alpha-hemolysis
S. pneumoniae Viridans group
36
Strep causing Gamma hemolysis
Enterococci
37
Anti-phagocytic cell wall of S. pyogenes
M protein
38
Streptolysin O
**Oxygen labile** - will produce hemolysis only in the absence of O2 **Antigenic** | Responsible for **subsurface** hemolysis and increase in **anaerobic**
39
Streptolysin S
**Oxygen stable** Non-antigenic | Responsible for **surface** hemolysisi and increased **aerobically**
40
Responsible for the beta-hemolytic pattern
Streptolysin
41
Toxin causing Scarlet fever
Exotoxin A - Erythrogenic toxin/Pyrogenic toxin
42
Toxin causing Necrotizing Fascitis | Supparative Fascitis, Hospital gangrene, Necrotizing Erysipelas
Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin (SPE)
43
Flesh eating bacteria
S. pyogenes
44
Causes **ERYSIPELAS**
S. pyogenes
45
Finding - Strawbery Tongue
Scarlet Fever
46
S. pyogenes important sequelae
PSGN Rheumatoid fever | Type III Hypersensitivity reaction
47
Susceptibility test for Scarlet fever | Screening test
Dick's Test
48
**Diagnostic** Test for **current** scarlet fever
Schultz charlton
49
Major cause of Neonatal meningitis
S. agalactiae
50
CAMP Factor
**Enhances hemolysis of S. aureus**
51
Differentiate Group A from Group B Streptococci
Bacitracin Test * Suscpetible - Group A * Resistant - Group B | mnemonics: BR AS
52
Hemolytic pattern of S. agalactiae in CAMP test
Arrowhead zone of Hemolysis
53
# Identification of Group A - S. pyogenes * Bacitracin: * SXT: * PYR Test: * CAMP Test: * Hippurate Test:
* Bacitracin: Susceptible * SXT: Resistant * PYR Test: Positive * CAMP Test: No enhanced hemolysis * Hippurate Test: Negative
54
# Identification of Group B - S. agalactiae * Bacitracin: * SXT: * PYR Test: * CAMP Test: * Hippurate Test: * Bile Esculin: * Growth in 6.5%:
* Bacitracin: Resistant * SXT: Resistant * PYR Test: Negative * CAMP Test: **Arrowhead hemolysis** * Hippurate Test: **Positive** * Bile Esculin: Negative * Growth in 6.5%: **Positive**
55
Identifies Group B Streptococci
CAMP test Hippurate hydrolysis
56
Bacitracin Disk
Taxo A with **0.04 units** | ZOI: 10 mm
57
Negative CAMP Test
Negative: No enhancement of hemolysis
58
End products of hydrolysis of hippuric acid
Glycine Benzoic acid
59
Positive test of Hippurate hydrolysis
Deep Purple
60
Color developer in PYR test
p-dimethylcinnamaldehyde
61
Medium for isolation of S. agalactiae
Todd Hewitt Broth
62
S. pneumoniae in Gram stain
Lancet shaped/Bullet shaped, Encapsulated
63
Young colonies of S. pneumoniae
Dome shaped
64
Old colonies of S. pneumoniae
Coin with a raised rim
65
Pneumonia associated to S. pneumoniae
Lobar Pneumonia | with **Rusty colored Sputum/Anchovy sause**
66
Major cause of Otitis Media
S. pneumoniae
67
# Identification of S. pneumoniae * Optochin: * Bile Solubility: * Inulin Fermentation: * Animal inoculation: * Neufeld quellung's test:
* Optochin: Susceptible * Bile Solubility: Soluble * Inulin Fermentation: Positive * Animal inoculation: Positive * Neufeld quellung's test: Capsulaw swelling
68
Skin Test of S. pneumoniae
Frances Test
69
Viridans group causing **Sub-acute** bacterial endocarditis
**S. sanguinis**
70
Viridans causing **Bacterial Endocarditis**
**S. mitis**
71
Viridans causing **Dental caries**
**S. mutans** | Oral streptococci
72
# Identification of Viridans Streptococci * Optochin: * Bile Solubility: * Growth in 6.5% NaCl: * Bile esculin: * Inulin Fermentation: * Animal inoculation: * Neufeld quellung's test:
* Optochin: Resistant * Bile Solubility: Insoluble * Growth in 6.5% NaCl: Positive * Bile esculin: Negative * Inulin Fermentation: Negative * Animal inoculation: Negative * Neufeld quellung's test: Negative
73
Differentiates S. pneumoniae from Viridans
Optochin Test | Presumptive test
74
Optochin Disk
Taxo P
75
Reagent in Optochin test
Ethylhydrocupreine HCl
76
Identification (confirm) of S. pneumoniae
Bile solubility
77
**Presumptively identify Group D Streptococci** and **Differentiate Group D from Non-Group D Viridans Streptococci**
Bile Esculin Test
78
Vancomycin Resistant
Group D Enterococci
79
Bacteria causing COLON cancer
S. bovis
80
Growth Factor of ***E. faecalis***
Vitamin B12
81
Nutritionally Variant Streptococci
Abiothrophia
82
Growth factors of Abiothrophia
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal Thiol
83
Exhibit sattelitism in S. aureus
Abiothrophia
84
Differentiates S. bovis from S. salivarius
Starch hydrolysis Mannitol fermentation

Bacteriology (24 decks)

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