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Gram Positive Cocci/Rods Flashcards

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1
Q

Strep is classified by

A

Hemolysis & Lancefield group

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2
Q

Bacteria that’s beta hemolytic, grp A, catalase neg

A

Strep pyogenes

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3
Q

Diseases caused by Strep pyogenes

A

strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, bovine mastitis

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4
Q

Species affected by Strep pyogenes

A

Humans & Cattle

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5
Q

Bacteria that’s beta hemolytic, grp B, catalase neg, CAMP pos

A

Strep agalactiae

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6
Q

Diseases caused by Strep agalactiae

A 
pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia (humans)
contagious mastitis (cattle)
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7
Q

What is contagious mastitis

A

causes permanent damage to secretory glands in cattle, permanently affects milk production (need to cull)

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8
Q

Species afftected by Strep agalactiae

A

Cattle & neonate humans

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9
Q

All Streps are

A

GPCOC, faculatative anaerobes & catalase neg

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10
Q

Prevention of Strep agalactiae

A

routine milk screening (cattle)

testing women prior to birthing (humans)

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11
Q

Bacteria that’s beta hemolytic, grp C, catalase neg

A

Strep equi

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12
Q

Diseases caused by Strep equi

A

Equine strangles

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13
Q

Species affected by Strep equi

A

Horses

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14
Q

Pathology of Strep equi

A

upper resp infection, enlarged lymphnodes (makes breathing difficult)

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15
Q

Treatment of Strep equi

A

antibiotics, drain abscess

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16
Q

Prevention of Strep equi

A

Bacterin for immunization

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17
Q

Name of beta hemolytic grp A Strep

A

Strep pyogenes

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18
Q

Name of beta hemolytic grp B Strep

A

Strep agalactiae

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19
Q

Names of beta hemolytic grp C Strep

A

Strep equi, Strep dysgalactiae, Strep zoopidemicus

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20
Q

Name of grp beta hemolytic G Strep

A

Strep canis

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21
Q

Disease caused by Strep dysgalactiae

A

bovine mastitis

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22
Q

Disease caused by Strep zoopidemicus

A

wound infections, genital infections (primary cause of reproductive infections in horses), mastitis

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23
Q

Bacteria that’s beta hemolytic, grp G, catalase neg

A

Strep canis

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24
Q

Diseases caused by Strep canis

A

wound infections

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25
Species affected by Strep canis
Dogs
26
Pathology of Strep canis
skin/wound infections, UTI
27
Bacteria that's alpha hemolytic, no grp, catalase neg
Strep pneumoniae (pneumococus)
28
Diseases caused by Strep pneumoniae
``` Pneumoncoccol pneumonia (primates/humans) Pneumonia (dogs & guinea pigs) Otitis media (kids) ```
29
Species affected by Strep pneumoniae
most common in primates (high mortality rate) can affect many species 60-70% of bacterial pneumonia in humans
30
Bacteria that's alpha hemolytic, grp D, R, S, catalase neg
Strep suis
31
Diseases caused by Strep suis
meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, arthritis
32
Name of alpha hemolytic grp D,R,S Strep
Strep suis
33
Name of gamma hemolytic grp D Strep
Enterococcus faecalis
34
Diseases caused by Entercoccus faecalis
wound infections, UTI (nosocomial pathogen, opportunistic), antibiotic resistant
35
Species affected by Enterococcus faecalis
humans, rare UTI in animals
36
Enterococcus faecalis is normal flora in
intestinal tract
37
All Staphs are
GPCOC, faculative anaerobes & aerobes, ubiquitous (everwhere), resistant to drying agents & antibiotics
38
Staphs are resistant to penicillin antibiotics because of
beta-lactamase enzyme that destroys the antibiotics
39
Bacteria that's beta hemolytic w/ double zone, catalase pos, coagulase pos, beta-lactamase producer
Staph aureus, Staph intermedius, Staph pseudintermedius
40
Diseases caused by Staph aureus
any "itis", food poisoning, bovine contagious mastitis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia
41
Species affected by Staph aureus
pathogenic in humans | affects many other species
42
Diseases caused by Staph intermedius & Staph pseudintermedius
similar to Staph aureus, but in dogs | any "itis", mastitis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia
43
Bacteria that's gamma hemolytic (variable), catalase pos, coagulase pos
Staph hyicus
44
Disease caused by Staph hyicus
Exudative epidermitis | common name: greasy pig diesase
45
Species affected by Staph hyicus
pigs (most common in piglets)
46
Pathology of Staph hyicus
yellowish crusts on snout, head, ears can spread to entire body very contagious
47
Bacteria that's gamma or alpha hemolytic, catalase pos, coagulase neg
Staph epidermidis, Micrococcus sp. | both are usually non-pathogenic, normal flora on skin
48
CAMP test is used for
confirmatory test for Strep agalactiae (arrowhead of hemolysis)
49
Small GPROD genuses
``` Corynebacterium Listeria Erysipelpthrix Arcanobacterium Rhodococcus ```
50
Large GPROD genuses
Bacillus | Clostridium
51
Branching GPROD genuses
Actinomyces Nocardia Streptomyces Dermatophilus
52
Reservoir for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
skin & MM of sheep & goats
53
Medical names of diseases caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
``` caseous lymphadenitis - CLA (sheep & goats) ulcerative lymphangitis (horses & mules) ```
54
Common names of diseases caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Dryland Fever, Pigeon Fever (horses)
55
How is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis aquired
wounds
56
Pathology of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
spreads via lymphnodes lymphnodes will abscess and have onion ring like appearance on cross-section (sheep & goats) abscesses anywhere, lameness, edema in pectorals (horses)
57
Treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
excise lymph nodes, drain abscess, isolation | culling in sheep & goat production herds
58
Prevention of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
bacterin for sheep & goats in areas w/ outbreaks sanitary measures for procedures clean wounds/punctures control flies
59
Corynebacterium renale have
pili
60
Reservoir for Corynebacterium renale
reproductive tract of males
61
Medical name for diseases caused by Corynebacterium renale
bovine pylonephrititis and cystitis (cattle) | bacterial balanopothitis and vulvulitis (sheep)
62
Common name for disease caused by Corynebacteium renale
pizzle rot (sheep)
63
How is Corynebacterium renale aquired
contact w/ infected urine & venereal fluids
64
Species affected by Corynebacterium renale
cattle & sheep
65
Pathology of Corynebacterium renale
pyogenic infection of urinary tract, hemorrhagic necrosis & ulceration of MM, bloody purulent urine (cattle) urine pH is altered causing scalds on skin & MM of external genitalia (sheep)
66
Treatment of Corynebacterium renale
``` topical antibiotics (sheep) no treatment for cattle if there's severe kidney damage ```
67
Bacteria that is small GPROD, has flagella, resistant to drying, replicates in fridge temps
Listeria monocytogenes
68
Reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes
soil saprophyte
69
Saprophyte is a
micro-organism responsible for decay of organic matter
70
Medical name of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes
Listeriosis
71
Common name of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes
circling disease (ruminants)
72
Species affected by Listeria moncytogenes
humans, ruminants, rabbits, chinchillas, guinea pigs, rare in dogs
73
How is Listeria moncytogenes aquired
ingesting contaminated food source
74
Pathology of Visceral (internal organ) form of Listeria moncytogenes
widely disseminated abscesses on internal organs (monogastric animals)
75
Pathology of Neural form of Listeria moncytogenes
meningitis, abortions, unilateral ataxia (circling disease), usually fatal (ruminants, especially sheep & goats)
76
Pathology of Listeria moncytogenes in humans
food poisoning, flu like symptoms | meningitis in immunocompromised (pregnant, elderly)
77
Bacteria that is small GPROD, resistant to drying, can survive boiling temps for over 2hrs
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
78
Reservoir for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
normal flora in mouth/throat of swine | can be isolated from fish slime
79
Medical name of disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
erysipelas (swine, usually 3-18 months) septicemia, endocarditis (fowl) septicemia, skin lesions (fish/marine mammals)
80
Common names of disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
diamond skin disease (swine) | fish handlers disease (humans)
81
Pathology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in swine (4 forms)
skin form- red to purple diamond patches on skin acute form- septicemia, highly fatal cardiac form- endocarditis, highly fatal arthritic form- bacteria in joints, typically in older pigs
82
Pathology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in fowl
septicemia, endocarditis, cyanotic snood (red thing over beak), high mortality
83
Pathology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in marine mammals
skin lesions, septicemia, often fatal
84
Pathology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in humans
localized dermatitis, red lesions (usually hands), burning & itching through scratch, but can enter intact skin
85
Treatment/Prevention of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
antibiotcs, clean wounds and hands after handling carcasses (humans) bacterin (swine and marine mammals)
86
Reservoir of Arcanobacterium pyogenes
MM of nasopharynx and tonsils of cattle
87
Species affected by Arcanobacterium pyogenes
ruminants
88
How is Arcanobacterium pyogenes aquired
through wounds
89
Pathology of Arcanobacterium pyogenes
pyogenic infections, mastitis pneumonia, umbilical infections (large abscesses w/ thick capsules)
90
Treatment of Arcanobacterium pyogenes
drainage of abscesses, antibiotics (difficult due to thick wall of abscess)
91
Reservoir of Rhodococcus equi
soil, manure and intestinal tract of horses
92
Name of disease caused by Rhodococcus equi
bronchiopneumonia
93
Species affected by Rhodococcus equi
foals 1-6 months old
94
How is Rhodococcus equi acquired
direct contact or inhalation of contaminated soil, manure, or infectious secretions
95
Pathology of Rhodococcus equi
large abscesses in lungs (abscessing pneumonia), fever, anorexia, dyspnea, loud/moist rales & crackling 50%-80% mortality rate
96
Treatment of Rhodococcus equi
antibiotics
97
Prevention of Rhodococcus equi
good husbandry, insure colostrum ingestion
98
Media used for H2S (hydrogen sulfide) test
KIA media
99
Positive H2S result is
black pigment
100
Negative H2S result is
no black pigment
101
Media used for motility test
MIO or SIM media
102
Positive motility result is
cloudy throughout tube
103
Negative motility result is
cloudy on stab area only
104
Media used for Urease test
Urea agar slant
105
Positive urease result is
hot pink, or pale pink (delayed reaction)
106
Negative urease result is
no color change
107
Bacteria that is aerobic, large GPROD, makes exotoxin, endospores, is an obligate pathogen, and is common in environment
Bacillus anthracis
108
Name of disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
anthrax
109
Reservoir of Bacillus anthracis
soil
110
How is Bacillus anthracis acquired
inhale spores, ingested, penetrates skin (route determines pathology)
111
Species affected by Bacillus anthracis
cattle/sheep (most susceptible) | horses, pigs, dogs, cats, humans
112
Pathology of Bacillus anthracis (3 forms)
1. cutaneous: "wool sorters dz", most common/least dangerous (humans) 2. pulmonary: "anthrax pneumonia", cardiovascular shock, hemorrhaging in lungs, coagulopathy (99% fatal w/in 24hrs) 3. GI: V/D, swelling of mouth/throat/GI
113
Treatment for Bacillus anthracis
antibiotics (penicillin)
114
Prevention of Bacillus antrhacis
quarantine animal for 3 wks, anything contaminated buried/burnt and cover w/ Ca oxide, disinfect everything
115
Bacteria that's a large GPROD, anaerobic, makes exotoxin and endospores (Genus)
Clostridium

Microbiology (1 decks)

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