Grammar 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
direct object
The direct object is the noun or pronoun that directly receives the action of the verb.
I gave the book to him.
indirect object
The indirect object is the noun or pronoun that receives the direct object.
I gave the book to him.
the subject of a sentence
the subject is the person of thing performing the action.
You gave her the book.
Subject personal pronouns
je
tu
il, elle, on
nous
vous
ils, elles
Direct object pronouns
me / m’
te / t’
le, la, l’, se, s’
nous
vous
les, se, s’
Direct object pronouns can only be used when:
- the object is a person, thing or clause;
- the object is not preceded by a partitive article (du, de la, de l’) or an indefinite article (un, une, des).
en
“en” is a direct object pronoun used when the object is preceded by a partitive article (du, de la, de l’) or an indefinite article (un, une, des)
ça
“ça” is a direct object pronoun used when the is generic.
Tu aimes le café ? → generic
Oui, j’aime ça.
Indirect object pronouns
me / m’
te / t’
lui, se / s’
nous
vous
leur, se / s’
The indirect object personal pronoun is used to replace an indirect object. It is used when:
- the indirect object is introduced by the preposition à;
- the object is a person (and not a thing).
Tonic pronouns
moi
toi
lui, elle, soi
nous
vous
eux, elles
Return/answer a question.
Comparisons.
Possession.
Insistence.
Tonic pronouns refer to people and are used when the verb takes a preposition (de, en, sur, avec, sans, etc) except for à.
However, with some verbs that take the preposition à, a tonic pronoun is necessary.
Among the most frequent of such verbs: penser à, faire attention à, s’intéresser à, s’opposer à, s’attaquer à, s’adapter à, s’habituer à…
Soi is used in sentences in which on has the meaning of les gens.
“On a toujours besoin d’un plus petit que soi.”
y
Y is only used to replace an indirect object. For that, the indirect object must:
- refer to a thing (not a person);
- be introduced by any preposition but de.
Tu penses à quoi ?
– Je pense à mon prochain cours de français. Et toi ?
– J’y pense aussi.
tonic pronouns that go with (verb) + à
When you can say verb + something + to someone, you use the indirect pronoun.
When you can only say verb + to someone, you use the tonic
penser à,
faire attention à
s’intéresser à
s’opposer à
s’attaquer à
s’adapter à
s’habituer à
s’adresser à
aller à
avoir affaire à
être à
recourir à
se fier à
semi-auxiliary verbs
(aller, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir, etc)
They often precede the main verb of the sentence, influencing its meaning.
“He is about to leave.” (expresses imminent action)
“I used to live in Paris.” (expresses a past habitual action)
“You have to come to the party.” (expresses obligation)
Where does the object pronoun go when using semi-auxiliary verbs?
With semi-auxiliary verbs (aller, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir, etc), the object pronoun comes between the semi-auxiliary verb and the infinitive verb.
Subject + semi-auxiliary verb + object pronoun + verb (infinitive).
Je sais parler français.
Je sais le parler.
perception verbs
verbs indicating a sense or perception
eg:
“voir” (to see)
“entendre” (to hear)
“sentir” (to feel)
“regarder” (to watch)
“apercevoir” (to catch a glimpse of)
Where does the object pronoun go when using perceptions verbs?
With perception verbs (voir, regarder, entendre, écouter, sentir, etc),
the object pronoun comes before the perception verb.
Subject + object pronoun + perception verb + verb (infinitive).
J’entends crier les enfants.
Je les entends crier.
Rules governing pronoun order
When using multiple pronouns in French, they must follow a specific order before the verb:
me/te/se/nous/vous (direct/indirect/reflexive)
> le/la/les (direct)
> lui/leur (indirect)
> y (place)
> en (quantity/something o
What is grammatically different from English for verbs like “entrer” in French?
French action verbs require the preposition. So while English might say “I entered my room,” French is «J’ai entré dans ma chambre.»
Conjugate écrire
Remember the “v” in nous,vous,ils/elles
Nous vous voyons écrire ensemble
écris
écris
écrit
écrivons
écrivez
écrivent
Conjugate naître
“Born on a lonely île”
nais
nais
naît
naissons
naissez
naissent
