Grammar

Question 1

Syllables in Latin Words

Answer 1

Syllable starts with a consonant when possible
When there are two consonants in a row, the next syllable starts with a consonant
Syllable MUST contain a vowel
Syllables have names

Question 2

Ultima

Answer 2

The last syllable in a word
Means last

Question 3

Penult

Answer 3

The 2nd to last syllable in a word
Means almost last

Question 4

Ante Penult

Answer 4

The 3rd to last syllable in a word
Means before the penult

Question 5

Macrons/Accent Marks

Answer 5

Latin word spellings did not originally include these, and were added much later on to make it easier to speak
Shows where to stress the sounds of a vowel in a word

Question 6

Latin Names

Answer 6

Boys/Men - Praenomen, Nomen, Cognomen

Praenomen = First name
Nomen = Last name
Cognomen = Family nickname

Female -
Feminine version of the father’s name (Tullius –> Tulia)
If multiple daughter the use of nicknames, and mineo/secundus/etc. would be used

Question 7

2nd Decl. Nouns

Answer 7

Masculine (persons & non persons)
Neuter (nonpersons only)

(Masc.)
Sing. Pl.
Nom. -us/r -i
Gen. -i -orum
Dat. -o -is
Acc. -um -os
Abl. -o -is

(Neuter)
Sing. Pl.
Nom. -um -a
Gen. -i -orum
Dat. -o -is
Acc. -um -a
Abl. -o -is

Question 8

3rd Decl. Nouns

Answer 8

Masculine (persons & nonpersons)
Feminine (persons & nonpersons)
Neuter (nonpersons only)

(Masc. & Fem.)
Sing. Pl.
Nom. — -es
Gen. -is -um
Dat. -i -ibus
Acc. -em -es
Abl. -e -ibus

(Neuter)
Sing. Pl.
Nom. — -a
Gen. -is -um
Dat. -i -ibus
Acc. — -a
Abl. -e -ibus

Question 9

Irregular Verbs Present Tense

Answer 9

Sum, Esse - To be
1 sum 1 summus
2 es 2 estis
3 est 3 sunt

Possum, Posse - To be able
1 possum 1 possummus
2 potes 2 potestis
3 potest 3 possunt

Rule - When the form of sum starts with E- change Pos- to Pot-

Question 10

Irregular Verbs Imperfect Tense

Answer 10

Sum, Esse - To be
(Era = Was)
1 eram 1 eramus
2 eras 2 eratis
3 erat 3 erant

Possum, Posse - To be able
1 poteram 1 poteramus
2 poteras 2 poteratis
3 poterat 3 poterant

Rule - Add Pot- to all of the forms of sum, esse for imperfect tense
Translates - ______ was/were (sum, esse), _____ was/were able (possum, posse)

Question 11

Irregular Verbs Future Tense

Answer 11

Sum, Esse - To be
(Eri = Will)
1 ero 1 erimus
2 eris 2 eritis
3 erit 3 erint

Possum, Posse - To be able
1 potero 1 poterimus
2 poteris 2 poteritis
3 poterit 3 poterint

Rule - Add Pot- to all of the forms of sum, esse for future tense
Translates - ______ will be (sum, esse), _____ will be able (possum, posse)

Question 12

Tense

Answer 12

The time when a verb takes place AND whether the action is complete or not

Question 13

Imperfect Tense

Answer 13

Usually translated as was/were plus -ing
Ongoing in the past

-bam -bamus
-bas -batis
-bat -bant

Question 14

Future Tense

Answer 14

Usually translated as will/going to /about to
In the future (yet to happen)

-bo -bimus
-bis -bitis
-bit -bunt

Question 15

Case

Answer 15

The function of the noun (subject, direct object, etc.)

Question 16

Nominative Case

Answer 16

Subject
The noun OR pronoun that preforms the verb
Often used as a subject for a 3rd person verb

Question 17

Genitive Case

Answer 17

Shows possession “of”

Question 18

Dative Case

Answer 18

Indirect object
Often used when talking about people

Question 19

Accusative Case

Answer 19

Direct object

Question 20

Ablative Case

Answer 20

Preposition
(Usually a noun or pronoun that expressing a relation to another word)