Grammar Flashcards by johanna gunhardson

걷다 social present tense

걸어요

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

깨닫다 social present tense

깨달아요

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묻다 social present tense

물어요

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듣다 social present tense

들어요

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싣다 social present tense

실어요

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express want

-고 싶어요

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I want to see a bird

나는 새를 보고 싶어요

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Asking someone to please try doing something (only verbs)

-아/어 보세요

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Please try eating it

먹어 보세요

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Please try going

가 보세요

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Please try exercising

운동해 보세요

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닫다 in social present tense

닫아요

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요리하다 in social past tense

요리했어요

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날씬하다 in social past tense (to be thin)

날씬했어요

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놀다 in social past tense

놀았어요

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싸요 in social past tense

쌌어요

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웃다 in social past tense

웃었어요

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바빠요 in social past tense

바빴어요

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일하다 in social past tense

일했어요

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살다 in social past tense

살았어요

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오다 in social past tense

왔어요

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가다 in social past tense

갔어요

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먹다 in social past tense

먹었어요

How well did you know this?

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들다 in social past tense

들었어요

How well did you know this?

Not at all

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쓰다 in social past tense

썼어요

잠그다 in social past tense

잠갔어요

쉬다 in social past tense

쉬었어요

주다 in social past tense

줬어요

서다 in social past tense

섰어요

내다 in social past tense

냈어요

마시다 in social past tense

마셨어요

쏟다 in social present tense (to pour)

쏟아요

얻다 in social present tense (to receive)

얻어요

믿다 in social present tense

믿어요

닫다 in social present tense

닫아요

받다 in social present tense

받아요

Future social tense

-ㄹ/을 거예요

읽다 in future social tense

읽을 거예요

가다 in future social tense

갈 거예요

바쁘다 in future social tense

바쁠 거예요

없다 in future social tense

없을 거예요

덥다 in future social tense

더울 거예요

묻다 in future social tense

물을 거예요

살다 in future social tense

살 거예요

받다 in future social tense

받을 거예요

듣다 in future social tense

들을 거예요

들다 in future social tense

들 거예요

시끄럽다 in future social tense

시끄러울 거예요

쉽다 in future social tense

쉬울 거예요

오다 in future social tense

올 거예요

춥다 in future social tense

추울 거예요

걷다 in future social tense

걸을 거예요

만들다 in future social tense

만들 거예요

ㅂ batchim irregular adjustment pre-conjugation

ㅂ -> 우

르 final syllable irregular adjustment pre-conjugation

르 -> ㄹ르

ㄷ batchim irregular adjustment pre-conjugation

ㄷ -> ㄹ

ㄹ batchim irregular adjustment pre-conjugation

ㄹ -> drop

눕다 in pre-conjugated verb stem (to lie down)

누우

부르다 in pre-conjugated verb stem (to sing or call out)

불르

듣다 in pre-conjugated verb stem

들

살다 in pre-conjugated verb stem

사

눕다 in social present tense

누워요

눕다 in social past tense

누웠어요

눕다 in social future tense

누울 거예요

눕다 polite request

누우세요

눕다 polite request negation

눕지 마세요

눕다 express want or desire

눕고 싶어요

눕다 please try

누워 보세요

부르다 social past tense

불렀어요

부르다 social future tense

부를 거예요

부르다 polite request

부르세요

부르다 polite request negation

부르지 마세요

부르다 express desire

부르고 싶어요

부르다 please try

불러 보세요

듣다 polite request

들으세요

듣다 polite request negation

듣지 마세요

듣다 express want or desire

듣고 싶어요

듣다 please try

들어 보세요

살다 polite request negation

살지 마세요

살다 express want or desire

살고 싶어요

살다 please try

살아 보세요

ㄱ + ㅎ pronunciation

[ㅋ]

ㅎ + ㄱ pronunciation

[ㅋ]

ㄷ + ㅎ pronunciation

[ㅌ]

ㅎ + ㄷ pronunciation

[ㅌ]

ㅅ + ㅎ pronunciation

[ㅌ]

ㅎ + ㅈ pronunciation

[ㅊ]

ㅂ + ㅎ pronunciation

[ㅍ]

Express ability or possibility

-ㄹ/을 수 있어요

Express inability or impossibility

-ㄹ/을 수 없어요

I can drive

나는 운전할 수 있어요

I can eat

나는 먹을 수 있어요

I can’t wait

나는 기디릴 수 없어요

I can’t lie down

나는 누울 수 없어요

I can walk

나는 걸을 수 있어요

I can’t know

나는 알 수 없어요

I can’t be full (my stomach can’t sing)

나는 배 부를 수 없어요

(the other not) I do not look

나는 보지 않아요

(the other not) The map is not big

지도가 크지 않아요

(the other not) The bag is not light.

가방이 가볍지 않아요

(the other not) I do not live in Seoul.

나는 서울에 살지 않아요

(the other not) I do not sleep on the bed

나는 침대에서 자지 않아요

(the other not) I do not depart today

나는 오늘 출발하지 않아요

Forming the other ”not” (not 안)

-지 않아요

ㄹ + ㄴ pronunciation

ㄹㄹ

ㄴ + ㄹ pronunciation

ㄹㄹ

how is -고 used in a sentence, in relation to first and second verb?

First verb: drop 다, tack on 고 Second verb: conjugate as normal

In which two exceptions can the first verb in a -고 sentence be conjugated to past tense?

1. One action causes another, but a long time passed between them. 2. A common theme connects the actions, but it is not clear which action preceeded the other. 았고/었고/했고

재미있다 pre-noun adjective

재미있는

싸다 pre-noun adjective

싼

달다 pre-noun adjective

단

낮다 pre-noun adjective

낮은

맵다 pre-noun adjective

매운

맛없다 pre-noun adjective

맛없는

약하다 pre-noun adjective

약한

and two nouns conversation

하고

and / (together) with (conversation)

랑 / 이랑 after vow / cons

and / (together) with (written)

와 / 과 after vowel / cons

must / have to / should

-야 해요 -야 돼요

눕다 must/should/have to

누워야 해요

부르다 must/should/have to

불러야 해요

듣다 must/should/have to

들어야 해요

살다 must/should/have to

살아야 해요

either / or noun connector

-이나 / 나

or - for full sentences, start of second.

아니면

or - adjective / verb connector

-거나

can’t (2 options, not -ㄹ 수 없어요)

못 -지 못해요

I can’t go home (2 options, not 수)

나는 집에 못 가요 나는 집에 가지 못해요

I can’t work out (2 options, not 수)

나는 운동(을) 못 해요 나는 운동(을) 하지 못해요

I am tired, so I’m going home

피곤해서 집에 가요

I was tired so I went home

피곤해서 집에 갔어요

I am tired so I will go home

피곤해서 집에 갈 거예요

cause / reason + ? + effect / action / result

-아서 -어서

to have experienced

아/어 봤어요

Have you ever borrowed money?

돈을 빌려 봤어요?

I have read a book (before).

나는 책을 읽어 봤어요.

Address format (eng)

City - Borough - Neighborhood - Building

Address format (kor)

시 - 구 - 동 - 번지

to know how to

ㄹ/을 줄 아라요

to not know how to

ㄹ/을 줄 몰라요

to go in order to (action)

(으)러 가다

to come in order to (action)

(으)러 오다

I go to the restaurant in order to eat bibimbap.

비빔밥을 먹으러 식당에 가요.

I come to the department store in order to buy sneakers.

운동화를 사러 백화점에 와요.

I go to the party in order to have fun.

놀러 파티에 가요.

I go to the university in order to listen to the class.

수업을 들으러 대학교에 가요

I come to the bedroom in order to lie down

누우러 침실에 와요

Yesterday I went to the restaurant in order to eat bibimbap.

어제 비빔밥을 먹으러 식당에 갔어요

I came here in order to speak Korean well

한국말 잘 하러 여기에 왔어요

plural marker

들

When can the plural form be used?

For people and animals

stuffy setting verb ending

입니다 / 습니다

stuffy command

(으)세요

stuffy rank talk (talking about someone higher up in the hierarchy)

(으)세요

My mother goes to the park

어머니는 공원에 가세요

The CEO sends an email

사장님은 이메일을 보내세요

My uncle drives

삼촌은 운전하세요

The professor teaches the class

교수님은 수업을 가르치세요

My grandmother lies down

한머니는 누우세요

The president listens to music

대통령은 음악을 들으세요

Assistant manager, where do you live?

대리님은 어디에 사세요?

the smallest

제일 작아요

the latest

제일 늦게

Sinsa station is the closest

신사역이 제일 가까워요

Where is the best café?

제일 좋은 카페는 어디에 있어요?

Who is the most popular actor?

제일 유명한 배우가 누구예요?

My little brother arrived last

남동생은 제일 늦게 왔어요

I like summer the most

여름을 제일 좋아해요

I hate spicy foods the most.

매운 음식을 제일 싫어해요

Sinsa station is the closest (alt).

신사역이 가장 가까워요

Among cafés, Starbucks is the best.

카페 중에서 스타벅스가 제일 좋아요

Among fruits, strawberries are the sweetest.

과일 중에서 딸기가 제일 달아요

In Korea, Mt Halla is the highest mountain.

한국에서 한라산이 제일 높아요

Johan is the best at driving

요한은 운전을 제일 잘해요

Among my family members, my little sister is the best at singing.

가족들 중에서 여동생은 노래를 제일 잘해요

Among my friends, Ida is the best at cooking

친구 중에서 이다는 요리를 제일 잘해요

I am the best at studying

나는 공부를 제일 잘해요

plan to / intend to

(으)려고 해요

I plan to cook

요리하려고 해요

I intend to erase

지우려고 해요

I intend to lie down

누우려고 해요

I plan to walk

걸으려고 해요

I intend to know

알려고 해요

I plan to open the window

창문을 열려고 해요

I plan to listen to music

음악을 들으려고 해요

Do you plan to read the book?

책을 읽으려고 해요?

by taxi

택시로

by bus

버스로

by truck

트럭으로

by bike

자전거로

by plane

비행기로

by train

기차로

by subway

지하철로

by boat

배로

by helicopter

헬리콥터로

by car

자동차로 차로

I go to the company by car

회사에 자동차로 가요

I came home by bus

집에 버스로 왔어요

I will go to Korea by airplane

한국에 비행기로 갈 거예요

I come to the park by bicycle

공원에 자전거로 와요

I usually take the subway to the university

보통 대학교에 지하철로 가요

Shall we - ?

-을까요 / ㄹ까요

Shall we eat dinner?

저녁을 먹을까요?

Shall we clean the house?

집 청소를 할까요?

Shall we work out now?

지금 운동할까요?

Shall we take a taxi?

택시를 탈까요?

Shall we sit on the sofa?

소파에 앉을까요?

Shall we lie down on the blanket?

이불 위에 누울까요?

Shall we walk on the street?

길을 걸을까요?

Shall we make a cake?

케이크를 만들까요?

Tea is more delicious than coffee

차가 커피보다 맛있어요

Daejeon is SMALLER than Busan

대전이 부산보다 더 작아요

Summer is hotter than spring (Start with spring!)

봄보다 여름이 더워요

My older sister is STRONGER than me

언니가 저보다 더 강해요

”compared to” pattern, 2 opt

Subj + 이/가 noun + 보다 (더) adj Noun + 보다 subj + 이/가 (더) adj

Grammar Flashcards

(215 cards)