grammar Flashcards
(24 cards)
Rule 1
to separate words and word groups (3+ items)
Rule 2
to separate 2 same adj and their order es interchangeable
he is a strong, healthy man
Rule 3A
to two independent clauses together instead of using a period
incorrect: he walked all the way home, he shut the door
correct: he walked all the way home, and he shut the door
Rule 3B
a comma goes in sentences where 2 independent clauses are joined by fanboys
he walked all the way home, and he shit the door
Rule 3C
if the subject does not appear in front of the second verb, a comma is generally unnecessary
example: he thought quickly but still did not answer correctly
confusing: i saw that she was busy and prepared to leave
clearer: i saw that she was busy, and (i) prepared to leave
Rule 4A
dependent clause + independent clause
Rule 4B
a comma is unnecessary when the sentence starts with an independent clause followed by a dependent clause
Rule 5
to set off nonessential words, clauses and phrases
Jill, who is my sister, shut the door
Rule 6
if SOMETHING OR SOMEONE is sufficiently identified, the description that follow is considered nonessential and should be surrounded by commas
Rule 7A
after certain words that introduce a sentence
well, yes, why, hello, they
Rule 7B
expressions that interrupt the sentence flow
nevertheless, by the way, on the other hand, however
i am, by the way, very nervous about this
Rule 8
Vocativo
Rule 9
to separate the name day of the month from de year and put one comma after the year also
Rule 10
to separate the city from the state. smallest to the bigger
Rule 11
if a person’s name is followed by Sr or Jr, a comma follows the last name.
another comma must follow the entire name when it appears midsentence
Al Mooney, Sr., is here
Rule 12
to enclose degrees or titles used with names
Al Mooney, M.D., is here
Rule 13A
to introduce or interrupt direct questions
he said, “i don’t care.”
optional with one-word quotations
Rule 13B
when the quotation comes before he said, they wrote, they reported, Dana insisted, or a similar attribution, end the quoted material with a comma, even if it is only one word
“i don’t care,” he said
Rule 13C
when the quotation function as a subject or object in a sentence, it might not need a comma
Is “I don’t care” all you can say to me?
Rule 13D
if a quoted questions ends in midsentence, the question mark replaces the comma
“Will you still be my friend?” she asked
Rule 14
to separate a statement from a question
i can go, can’t i?
Rule 15
to separate contrasting parts of a sentence
this is my money, not yours
Rule 16A
before and after certain introductory words or terms, such as namely, that is, i.e., e.g., and for instance, when the are followed by a series of items
Rule 16B
before etc (and after when it is placed midsentence