Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
comparing things (nouns)
A
más / menos + NOUN + que
2
Q
comparing action (verbs)
A
VERN + más / menos + que
3
Q
comparing characteristics (adjectives)
A
más / menos + ADJECTIVE + que
4
Q
What is the special form of más bueno/a
A
mejor (better)
5
Q
what is the special form of más malo/a
A
peor (worse)
6
Q
the absolute superlative
A
ADJECTIVE + -ísimo / a / os / as
7
Q
comparisons of equality with nouns
A
tanto / tanta / tantos / tantas + NOUN + como
8
Q
comparisons of equality with verbs
A
VERB + tanto + como
9
Q
comparisons of equality with adjectives
A
tan + ADJECTIVE + como
10
Q
Estar (to locate things/people); Está is singular and están is plural.
A
-lejos de (far from)
-cerca de (near)
-a la izquierda de (left of)
-a la derecha de (right of)
-al lado de (next to)
-al nore/sur/este/oeste de
-detras de (behind)
-delante de (in front of)
-enfrente de (facing/opposite)
-dentro de (inside)
11
Q
Preterite: AR ending
A
-yo: é
-tú: aste
-él, ella, usted: ó
-nosotros: amos
-ellos, ellas, ustedes: aron
12
Q
Preterite: ER/IR ending
A
-yo: í
-tú: iste
-él, ella, usted: ió
-nosotros: imos
-ellos, ellas, ustedes: ieron
13
Q
Poder (preterit stem)
A
pud-
14
Q
Poner (preterit stem)
A
pus-
15
Q
querer (preterit stem)
A
quis-
16
Q
tener (preterit stem)
A
tuv-
17
Q
venir (preterit stem)
A
vin-
18
Q
estar (preterit stem)
A
estuv-
19
Q
saber (preterit stem)
A
sup-
20
Q
traer (preterit stem)
A
traj-
21
Q
decir (preterit stem)
A
dij-
22
Q
hacer (preterit stem)
A
hic-
23
Q
-cir ending verbs sometimes take?
A
-eron instead of -ieron for 3rd person plural
24
Q
Ser/Ir (preterit cojugation)
A
-yo: fui
-tu: fuiste
-el/ella/usted: fue
-nosotros: fuimos
-ellos/ustedes: fueron
25
Dar (preterit cojugatio)
-yo: di
-tu: diste
-el/ella/usted: dio
-nosotros: dimos
-ellos/ustedes: dieron
26
The preterit tense presents information as an event; these are markers:
ayer, anoche, el lunes/martes, la semana pasada, el ano pasado, anteayer, el otro dia, el dia #, el mes pasado, hace (2,3,5) anos
27
how are dates expressed in spanish
day, month, and year
28
How do we indicate sequence of events?
1) antes (before), despues (after), and luego (after) + conjugated preterit
2) antes de + infinitive, conjugated preterit/ despues de + infinitive, conjugated preterit
29
What connector refers to what happened next
Entonces
30
algún evento,
alguna historia,
algunos libros,
algunas fechas
(some), agree with the noun they refer to in gender and number
31
ningún evento,
ninguna historia, *ningunos libros,
*ningunas fechas
(none), agree with noun they refer to in gender and number
32
what articles are used as nouns to talk about people without specifying which type of person being discussed
alguien, nadie
33
what articles are used as nouns to talk about things without specifying which type of thing being discussed
algo, nada
34
Imperfect: AR ending
-yo: aba
-tú: abas
-él, ella, usted: aba
-nosotros: ábamos
-ellos, ustedes: aban
35
Imperfect: ER/IR ending
-yo: ía
--tú: ías
-él, ella, usted: ía
-nosotros: íamos
-ellos, ustedes: ían
36
What are the 3 irregular verbs
ser, ir, and ver
37
Ser imperfect conjugation
-yo: era
--tú: eras
-él, ella, usted: era
-nosotros: éramos
-ellos, ustedes: eran
38
Ir imperfect conjugation
-yo: iba
-tú: ibas
-él, ella, usted: iba
-nosotros: íbamos
-ellos, ustedes: iban
39
Ver imperfect conjugation
-yo: veía
--tú: veías
-él, ella, usted: veía
-nosotros: veíamos
-ellos, ustedes: veían
40
Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: description of qualities of people/things
Era muy guapo/ Tenía 25 anos
41
Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: details about context in which the story takes place (time, date, place, weather, existence of things)
Eran las nueve/ Hacia mucho frio y llovia/ Estabamos cerca de Managua
42
Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: talk about habitual/repeated actions in the past
Cuando era nina, ibamos a la escuela a pie porque no habia autobuses/ en la universidad salia mucho de noche
43
Imperfect tense is used to portray various aspects of the background of a story: to contrast the way things are now and the way they used to be
Ahora hablo espanol, Antes solo hablaba ingles/ Antes tenia muchos amigos, ahora solo tengo dos o tres
44
The preterit tense presents information as completed in the past
Ayer fuimos al cine
45
The imperfect tense sets the background to an action that is expressed in the present tense, ongoing action
Ayer cuando ibamos al cine vimos un accidente de trafico
46
Cause and Consequence use asi que and por eso
usually consequence is preterit, cause is imperfect (Le dolia la cabeza, por eso se fue a casa)
47
Cause and consequence: porque (because)
preterit - imperfect
48
cause and consequence: asi que (so)
imperfect - preterit
49
cause and consequence: por eso (that is why)
imperfect - preterit
50
estaba + gerund
refering to an action in progress in the past that serves as the frame of reference (Estaba trabajando cuando escuche la noticia en la radio)
51
estuve + gerund
refer to duration of an action that occurs within a specified period of time, action final but emphasis on duration (estuve trabajando toda la tarde)
52
Regular affirmative tu command form
3rd personal singular;
-mirar -> mira
-beber -> bebe
-subir -> sube
53
Regular affirmative usted command form
1st person 'yo' form -o + AR:e/ER: a
-mirar -> mire
-beber -> beba
- subir -> suba
54
Regular negative tu command form
No + 1st person 'yo' form -o + AR: es/ER: as
-mirar -> no mires
-beber -> no bebas
-subir -> no subas
55
Regular negative usted command form
No + 1 person 'yo' form -o + AR: e/ER: a
-mirar -> no mira
-beber -> no beba
-subir -> no suba
56
irregular tu command forms (affirmative)
Ven Di Sal Haz Ten Ve Pon Sé
-Venir -> Ven
-Decir -> Di
-Salir -> Sal
-Hacer -> Haz
-Tener -> Ten
-Ir -> Ve
-Poner -> Pon
-Ser -> Sé
57
irregular tu command forms (negative)
-Venir -> no vengas
-Decir -> no digas
-Salir -> no salgas
-Hacer -> no hagas
-Tener -> no tengas
-Ir -> no vayas
-Poner -> no pongas
-Ser -> no seas
58
What contexts are command forms used in?
-Making recommendations and giving advice (no fumes tanto, tienes tos)
-Giving order and asking others to not/do something (llama al entrenador/No pongas esos libros ahi)
-Giving instructions (Toma una pastilla cada tres horas)
59
Placement of reflexive pronoun, indirect object pronoun, and direct object pronoun for affirmative commands
They are attached at the end;
-sentarse -> sientate (sienta + te)
-poner lo -> ponlo (pon + lo)
-decir me -> dime (di + me)
60
Placement of reflexive pronoun, indirect object pronoun, and direct object pronoun for negative commands
They are placed before the verb
-sentarse -> no te sientes
-poner lo -> no lo pongas
-decir me -> no me digas
61
How to give personal recommendations and advice
using tu command form, affirmative and negative, tienes que, debes
-Si tienes dolor de estomago -> no comas grasas/debes acostarte/ tienes que beber te
62
how to give general recommendations and advice
Construction of 'hay que + infinitive' and the expressions 'es necessario/bueno/importante + infinitive'
-Si te duele la cabeza -> no hay que/no es bueno/ no es aconsejable mirar la television
63
The present perfect is fomed with the present of haber + past participle of the verb, conjugate haber in the present
Haber:
-he
-has
-ha
-hemos
-han
64
How do you find the past participle
Formed by adding the ending -ado or -ido to the stem of the verb:
-AR; hablar -> hablado
-ER/IR; tener -> tenido
65
List the most frequently used irregular past participles
-ver: visto
-escribir: escrito
-abrir: abierto
-hacer: hecho
-decir: dicho
-romper: roto
-poner: puesto
-volver: vuelto
-cubrir: cubierto
66
Gerund conjugations
-AR: ando
-ER/IR: iendo
67
Future indicative
Infinitive + endings
-é
-ás
-á
-emos
-án
68
Future irregular forms
-tener -> tendr
-salir -> saldr
-venir -> vendr
-poner -> pondr
- haber -> habr
-decir -> dir
-hacer -> har
-poder -> podr
-saber -> sabr
