Grammar Flashcards

(272 cards)

1
Q

이 / 가

A

Subject particle
(이름이 뭐예요? -> What’s your name?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

은 / 는

A

Topic particle
(저는 미국사람이에요. -> I’m an American.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

을 / 를

A

Object particle
(책을 읽어요. -> I’m reading a book.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

와 / 과

A

And
(소설책과 교과서를 가져왔어요. -> I brought a novel and a textbook.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(이)랑

A

And
(설렁탕이랑 김밥 주세요. -> Please give me seoulleongtang and kimbap.)

With
(친구랑 같이 왔어요. -> I came with a friend.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

하고

A

And
(양념 치킨하고 맥주 주세요. -> Please give me yangnyeom chicken and beer.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A

Also / as well
(내일도 오늘도 비가 와요. -> It’s raining also today and tomorrow.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A

To
(남대문 시장에 가고 싶어요. -> I want to go to Namdaemun market.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

에서

A

From
(공항에서 지하철 타고 왔어요. -> I came by subway from the airport.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

까지

A

Until
(강남까지 가고 싶어요. -> I want to go until Gangnam.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

부터

A

From
(지하철은 아침 5시부터 운영해요. -> The subway operators from 5 am in the morning.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(으)로

A

To
(저는 부산으로 가요. -> I am going to Busan.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A

To [polite form]
(부모님께 드리고 싶어요. -> I want to give it to my parents)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

께서

A

Honorific nominative marker
(할머니께서 부탁하셨어요. -> My grandmother has asked me to.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

에게

A

To
(우리 엄마에게 주고 싶어요. -> I want to give it to my mother.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

에게서

A

From
(호텔 직원에게서 받았어요. -> I got it from the hotel staff.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

한테

A

To
(백화점 안내원한테 물어보세요. -> Please ask it to the department store receptionist.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

한테서

A

From
(이거는 친구한테서 선물로 받은 거예요. -> I got this as a present from my friend.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(이)나

A

Or
(버스나 지하철 타고 갈게요. -> I will take a bus or a subway.)

Rather
(밥이나 먹으러 가고 싶어요. -> I want to rather go eat.)

Even
(쇼핑하는데 열 시간이나 걸렸어요. -> It took even ten hours to shop.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A

Only
(지금 5000원만 있어요. -> I have only 5000 won now.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A

[subject]’s
(내 친구의 그림은 아주 멋져요. -> My friend’s drawing is so awesome.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

마다

A

Whenever
(한국에 올 때마다 이 가게를 찾아요. -> I visit this shop whenever I come to Korea.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

밖에

A

Only
(시간이 한 시간밖에 없어요. -> There is only one hour of time.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

보다

A

More / better than
(이것보다 이게 더 어울려요. -> This goes better than this.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
처럼
Like / similar to (배우처럼 생기셨네요. -> You look like an actor.)
26
(으)ㄴ 것 같다
I think / feel (택시 비용이 좀 비싼 것 같아요. -> I think the taxi's price is a bit expensive.)
27
(으)ㄹ 것 같다
I guess / assume (이 화장품은 인기가 많을 것 같아요. -> I guess this cosmetic will be popular.)
28
(으)ㄴ 적이 있다
I have (이 가게에 와 본 적이 있어요. -> I have been to this store.)
29
(으)ㄴ 적이 없다
I have not (저는 한국에 가본 적이 없어요. -> I have not been to Korea.)
30
(으)ㄴ 지
How long since (이 가게가 생긴 지 얼마나 됐어요? -> How long has it been since this store has opened? Since (한국에 온 지 3일이 지났습니다. -> Three days have passed since I came to Korea.)
31
(으)ㄴ 후에
After (쇼핑한 후에 밥 먹었습니다. -> I ate after shopping.)
32
(으)ㄴ데(요)
Although (역에서 좀 먼데요. -> Although it's a little far from the station But (죄송한데요, 길 좀 알려줄 수 있어요? -> Excuse me, but can you tell me the way?)
33
(으)니까
Because / since (달러 밖에 없으니까 환전해야 돼요. -> I need to exchange money because I only have dollars.)
34
(으)ㄹ 것이다
Will be (여기 식당은 맛있을 거예요. -> The restaurant here will be delicious.)
35
(으)ㄹ 때
When (내가 버스타고 있었을 때 잃어버렸어요. -> I lost it when I was on the bus.)
36
(으)ㄹ 수 있다
Can (저는 한국말 조금 할 수 있어요. -> I can speak Korean a little bit.)
37
(으)ㄹ 수 없다
Can not (여기서는 사진을 찍을 수 없어요. -> You can't take a photo here.)
38
(으)ㄹ게요
Will (제가 할게요. -> I will do it.)
39
(으)ㄹ까 하다
Is / am thinking of (명동에 갈까 해요. -> I am thinking of going to Myeongdong.)
40
(으)ㄹ까 봐
Thinking / worried that (여행가는데 현금이 모자랄까봐 걱정했어요. -> I was worried that there won't be enough cash for the travel.)
41
(으)ㄹ까요?
Should we? (여기서 걸어갈까요? -> Should we walk from here?)
42
(으)ㄹ래요
Will (저는 이걸로 할래요. -> I will go with this one.)
43
(으)ㄹ래요?
Would you? (이걸로 계산하실래요? -> Would you like to pay with this?)
44
(으)러 가다
Go [in order] to (한국에 관광하러 갈 거예요. -> I will go to Korea to travel.)
45
(으)러 오다
Come [in order] to (여기에 예약하러 왔어요. -> I came here to make a reservation.)
46
(으)려고
Going to (한국말을 공부하려고 해요. -> I am going to study Korean.)
47
(으)려고요
Going / planning to (아이돌 콘서트에 가려고요. -> I'm going to go to a singer's concert.)
48
(으)면
If (부산에 가면 뭘 볼 수 있을까요? -> What can I see if I go to Busan?)
49
(으)면서
While (핸드폰을 보면서 걷지 마세요. -> DO not walk while watching your phone.)
50
(으)ㅂ시다
Let's (순두부를 주문해 봅시다. -> Let's order sundubu.)
51
(으)세요
Please (삼겹살 2인분 주세요. -> Please, give us 2 servings of samgyeopsal.)
52
(으)십시오
Please (또 놀러 오십시오. -> Please, visit us again.)
53
(이)지요?
Right? (카드로 계산 되지요? -> I can pay with a credit card, right?)
54
거나
And / or (시장에 가거나 카페에 가고 싶어요. -> I want to go to a market or a cafe.)
55
Make [adj] (싸게 해 주세요. -> Please, make the price cheaper.)
56
게 되다
Happen to (한국에 오게 됐어요. -> I happened to come to Korea.)
57
And [then] (밥 먹고 자요. -> I will eat food and sleep.)
58
고 싶다
Want to (약국에 가고 싶어요. -> I want to go to the pharmacy.)
59
고 있다
is / am [verb]-ing (지금 무슨 말 할까 생각하고 있어요. -> I am thinking about what to say right now.)
60
군요
Right? (병원에 가려면 여기 쭉 가면 되는군요. -> I can go this way straight to go to the hospital, right?)
61
기 때문에
Because of (너무 많이 걸었기 때문에 다리가 아파요. -> My leg hurts because of walking too much.)
62
기 전에
Before (결제하기 전에 확인하고 싶은 게 있는데요. -> I want to check something before making the payment.)
63
기로 하다
Decided to (오늘은 쇼핑하기로 했어요. -> I decided to go shopping today.)
64
네요
Right? (그럼 다 합쳐서 4000원이네요. -> So, it's 4000 won all together, right?)
65
는 게 좋겠다
Better to (시간이 없으니까 빨리 가는 게 좋겠어요. -> It's better to hurry since we don't have much time.)
66
는데
For (입국심사하는데 별로 많이 안 기다렸어요. -> I didn't wait much for immigration.)
67
ㅂ/습니까?
Interrogative forms of formal polite style (언제 한국에 갑니까? -> When are you going to Korea?)
68
ㅂ/습니다
Formal polite style (내일 한국에 갑니다. -> I am going to Korea tomorrow.)
69
아/어/여 보다
Try (이것도 시식해 보세요. -> Please, try eating this as well.)
70
아/어/여 주다
[verb] [for] me / us (알려줘서 고마워요. -> Thank you for telling me.)
71
아/어/여야 되다
Need to / must (한국어를 공부해야 돼요. -> I need to study Korean.)
72
아/어/여야 하다
Need to / must (차 타고 가야 해요. -> I Need to ride a car.)
73
아/어요
Informal polite style (좋아요. -> That's good.)
74
았/었/였으면 좋겠다
Wish / hope (빨리 배달 왔으면 좋겠어요. -> I hope the delivery arrives soon.)
75
지 말다
Do not (담배 피우지 마세요. -> Please, do not smoke.)
76
지 못하다
Can not (도와주지 못 해서 죄송해요. -> I'm sorry that I can't help much.)
77
지 않다
Not (지하철 타지 않고 걸어갈게요. -> I will not take a subway and instead I'll walk.)
78
지만
But / however (오래 전에 주문했지만 요리가 아직 안 왔어요. -> We have ordered the dishes a while ago, but they aren't here.)
79
이/가 아니다
Not (제 물건이 아니에요. -> This is not mine.)
80
(으)ㄴ 채(로)
While (버스 안에서 앉은 채로 잠자버렸다. -> I fell asleep while sitting on the bus.)
81
(으)ㄴ/는 걸 보니(까)
Since (돈을 많이 쓰는 걸 보니 부자인가 봐. -> He must be rich since he's using a lot of money.)
82
(으)ㄴ/는 김에
On the way (마트에 가는 김에 친정에도 갔다. -> On the way to the supermarket, I visited my parent's house.)
83
(으)ㄴ/는 만큼
As much as [doing something] (웃는 만큼 인생은 행복해진다. -> Life becomes more fun as much as you laugh.)
84
(으)ㄴ/는 반면(에)
Although (택시는 편리한 반면에 지하철보다 비싸다. -> Although taxi is convenient, it's more expensive than a subway.)
85
(으)ㄴ/는 법이다
[It] will (계속 노력한다면 개선되는 법이다. -> If you keep making an effort, you'll get better.)
86
(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
Because [negative] (운동 안 한 탓에 살이 많이 쪘어요. -> Because I didn't work out, I gained a lot of weight.)
87
(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 모양이다
Seems like (비가 오는 모양이다. -> It seems like it's raining.)
88
(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 셈이다
Going to do (어떻게 할 셈이야? -> What are you going to do?
89
(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다
Didn't know (공무원 시험에 합격할 줄 몰랐다. -> I didn't know that I passed the civil servant examination.)
90
(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다
Thought (아저씨는 연예인이 된 줄 알았는데. -> I thought he became a celebrity.)
91
(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ지
What/who/where (지갑을 어디서 잃어버렸는지 모르겠다. -> I don't know where I lost my wallet.)
92
(으)ㄴ/는걸(요)
Though (아직 졸린걸요. -> I am still sleepy though.)
93
(으)ㄴ/는데(요)
But (이 요리는 생각보다 맛있는데요. -> But this dish is more delicious than I thought.)
94
(으)ㄴ/는들
Even if (내가 간들 소용없다. -> Even if I go, it won't help much.)
95
(으)ㄴ가 보다
Assume (그 사람은 선생님인가 봐요. -> I assume he's a teacher.)
96
(으)ㄴ가(요)?
Is? (여자 친구는 예쁜가요? -> Is your girlfriend pretty?)
97
(으)나 마나
No use to (길을 물어보나 마나예요. -> It's no use to ask him the direction.)
98
(으)니까(요)
Because [neutral] (열심히 공부하니까 성적이 우수하다. -> Because he studies hard, his grades are excellent.)
99
(으)니만큼
As (노력하니만큼 결과가 기대된다. -> As I tried hard, I'm looking forward to the result.)
100
(으)ㄹ 겸 (해서)
And also (그에게 사과할 겸 해서 편지를 썼어요. -> I wrote a letter and also apologize.)
101
(으)ㄹ 리가 없다
There is no way (돈이 부족할 리가 없어요. -> There is no way the money isn't enough.)
102
(으)ㄹ 만하다
It is worth (타개책을 시도할 만합니다. -> It's worth attempting a breakthrough.)
103
(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
Almost (과음해서 의식을 잃어버릴 뻔했어요. -> I almost lost consciousness from over-drinking.)
104
(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
Not only (그 애기는 걸을 뿐만 아니라 잘 달린다. -> That baby not only walks well but also runs well.)
105
(으)ㄹ 뿐이다
Just (국적이 다를 뿐이지 같은 인간이에요. -> We just have different nationalities, but we're the same human beings.)
106
(으)ㄹ 수밖에 (없다)
No other choice than (시간이 없으니까 뛰어갈 수밖에 없다. -> We don't have much time, so there is not other choice than running.)
107
(으)ㄹ 정도(로)
[verb]ingly (놀라울 정도로 크게 외쳤다. -> He shouted surprisingly loud.)
108
(으)ㄹ 지경이다
Almost (그녀가 화낼 지경이에요. -> She's almost mad.)
109
(으)ㄹ 테니(까)
Will... so (빨래를 널 테니까 애기를 봐줘. -> I'll dry the laundry, so please look after the child.)
110
(으)ㄹ 텐데
Should be (거기에 있을 텐데. -> It should be there.)
111
(으)ㄹ걸 (그랬다)
Should have (우산 가져올 걸. -> I should gave brought an umbrella.)
112
(으)ㄹ까 말까
Whether... or not (길을 건널까 말까 고민했다. -> I wondered whether I should cross the street or not.)
113
(으)ㄹ수록
[Adjective]er as (가면 갈수록 그 산길은 힘들어져요. -> The mountain road is getting harder as you go further.)
114
(으)ㄹ지(도) 모르다
Don't know (어떻게 편집해야할지 잘 모르겠어요. -> I don't know how I should edit it.)
115
(으)ㄹ지라도
No matter (아무리 어려울지라도 저는 해냅니다. -> No matter how tough it is, I'll complete it.)
116
(으)라고 하다
Told me to (아버지가 빨리 손을 씻으라고 했어요. -> Dad told me to wash my hands quickly.
117
(으)려다가
Is about to (외출하려다가 누나가 찾아왔다. -> When I was about to go out, my sister came in.)
118
(으)려던 참이다
Is about to (학교에 가려던 참이에요. -> I was about to go to school.)
119
(으)려면
In order to (기념사진을 찍으려면 배경은 아름다워야한다. -> In order to take a memorial picture, the background has to be beautiful.)
120
(으)로 인해(서)
Due to (그 이야기는 인터넷으로 인해 확산되었다. -> The story is widespread due to the Internet.)
121
(으)로서
As a (선배로서 충고 하나 할게. -> Let me give you some advice as a senior.)
122
(으)며
And (내 남자친구는 피아노도 잘 치며 노래도 잘한다. -> My boyfriend is good at playing piano and singing.)
123
(으)면 되다
Should be okay (웹사이트에서 접수하시면 됩니다. -> It should be okay if you apply on the website.)
124
(으)므로
As [subject] needs to (아침 일찍 일어나야 하므로 이제 잡니다. -> As I need to wake up in the morning, I'm going to sleep now.)
125
(이)나 -(이)나 할 것 없이
Regardless of (아이나 어른이나 할 것 없이 건강은 중요하다. -> Regardless of whether you're a child or an adult, health is important.)
126
거든
Because (어려보여도 제가 상사거든요. -> Because I'm your boss even though I look young.)
127
게 하다
Makes (동생은 나를 짜증나게 한다. -> My younger brother makes me annoyed.)
128
고 나니(까)
After (푹 쉬고 나니 열이 내려갔어요. -> After resting well, the fever got better.)
129
고 나면
After (청소하고 나면 기분이 상쾌해진다. -> After cleaning the house, I feel refreshed.)
130
고 나서
After (이메일 먼저 확인하고 나서 연락드릴게요. -> After checking the e-mail first, I'll contact with you.)
131
고 말고(요)
Of course (한국여행은 재미있고 말고요. -> Of course, traveling to Korea is fun.)
132
고 말다
Ended up (밤늦게까지 게임하고 말았어요. -> I ended up playing a game until late at night.)
133
고 보면
Actually... once (배우고 보면 한국어는 쉬워요. -> Korean is actually easy to learn once you start learning.)
134
곤 하다
Used to often (우리는 분식점 앞에서 만나곤 했다. -> We used to meet often in front of the cafeteria.)
135
기 쉽다
Easy to (저 선생님의 수업은 이해하기 쉬워요. -> That teacher's class is easy to understand.)
136
기 십상이다
Tend to (젊은 운전자는 실수하기 십상이다. -> Young drivers tend to make mistakes.)
137
기 어렵다
Difficult to (작은 신발로는 걷기 어렵다. -> It's difficult to walk in small shoes.)
138
기 위해(서)
To (문제를 해결하기 위해서 다같이 모였다. -> We gathered together to resolve the issue.)
139
기/게 마련이다
Will (준비 안 하면 후회하기 마련이다. -> If you don't prepare, you will regret it.)
140
기는 하지만
But (한국어는 어렵기는 하지만 재미도 있어요. -> Korean is difficult but fun to learn.)
141
기는(요)
No need to (고맙기는요. 별말씀을요. -> No need to thank me.)
142
기만 하면 (되다)
As long as (단어를 외우기만 하면 100점이다. -> As long as you memorize the vocabulary, you'll get a full score.)
143
기에(는)
Not good for (축구하기에는 날씨가 안 좋아요. -> The weather is not good for playing soccer.)
144
길래
Since (남편이 레스토랑에 안 오길래 난 바람맞은 줄 알았다. -> Since my husband didn't come to a restaurant. I thought he cancelled the plan at the last minute.)
145
ㄴ/는 척하다
Pretend to (그 후배는 착한 척한다. -> He's pretending to be nice.)
146
ㄴ/는다
Is (후식에 딸기를 먹는다. -> I'm eating strawberries for dessert.)
147
ㄴ/는다거나
Or (독서한다거나 영화를 보러 간다. -> I read some books or go watch a movie.)
148
ㄴ/는다고 치다
If (일본에 간다고 치면 어디로 갈까요? -> If I go to Japan, where should I visit?)
149
ㄴ/는다고 하다
Say (제 친구는 병원에 안 다닌다고 했어요. -> My friend said that he didn't go to the hospital.)
150
ㄴ/는다고 해도
Even if (금연한다고 해도 잘 안 된다. -> Even if I'm trying to quit smoking, it's difficult.)
151
ㄴ/는다고(요)
Seems like (내일은 비가 온다고 해요. -> It seems like tomorrow is going to rain.)
152
ㄴ/는다니
That (5개국어를 한다니 대단합니다. -> It's amazing that you can speak 5 languages.)
153
ㄴ/는다니까
I'm telling you (아무리 이유를 설명해도 화를 낸다니까. -> I'm telling you no matter how many times I explain the reason, he's still angry.)
154
ㄴ/는다더니
But (우리 남편은 일찍 돌아온다더니 아직도 집에 안 왔다. -> My husband said he will be back soon, but he was still not home.)
155
ㄴ/는다더라
Seems like (내일은 눈이 온다더라. -> It seems like tomorrow is going to snow.)
156
ㄴ/는다던데
Heard (잘 생겼다던데 정말이야? -> I heard he's handsome, is that true?)
157
ㄴ/는다면
If (운동선수가 되고 싶다면 전문학원에 등록해야 돼. -> If you want to be an athlete, you need to register for a professional academy.)
158
ㄴ/는다면서(요)?
Heard (너 영어 잘한다면서? -> I heard you're good at English?)
159
나 보다
Seem to (둘이 사귀나 보다. -> They seem to be dating.)
160
나(요)?
Is it? (여기서 타면 되나? -> Is it here where we ride?)
161
냐고 하다
Ask (엄마가 시험은 언제냐고 저한테 물어봤어요. -> My mom asked me when the exam was.)
162
느라고
For (숙제하느라고 삼촌을 만날 시간이 없었다. -> I was busy with homework that I didn't have time to meet my uncle.)
163
는 (도)중에
In the middle of (연기하는 중에 기침해버렸다. -> I accidentally coughed hen I was in the middle of acting.)
164
는 길에
On the way (집에 가는 길에 빵을 사 왔어요. -> I bought bread on my way home.)
165
는 대로
As (바라는 대로 이루어진다. -> You can become as you wish.)
166
는 대신(에)
Instead of (술을 마시는 대신에 녹차를 마시자. -> Let's rink green tea instead of alcohol.)
167
는 덕분에
Thanks to (버스가 늦게 온 덕분에 탈 수 있었다. -> I was able to ride the bus thanks to the fact that it was delayed.)
168
는 바람에
Because (공부를 안 하는 바람에 성적이 떨어졌어요. -> My grade dropped because I didn't study.)
169
는 사이에
When (제가 없는 사이에 택배가 오면 받아주세요. -> If the delivery comes when I'm not home, please take it for me.)
170
는 셈 치다
Considering (연습하는 셈 치고 오디션에 간다. -> I take auditions considering them as practices.)
171
는 수(가) 있다
Can (전문가라고 해도 실패하는 수가 있어요. -> Even an expert can fall.)
172
는 수밖에 (없다)
No other choice than (가족으로부터 돈을 빌리는 수밖에 없다 -> There is no other choice than to borrow money from my family.)
173
는 중이다
On the way (지금 직장에 가는 중이에요. -> I'm on the way going to my office.)
174
는 통에
Because (아이들이 떠드는 통에 집중할 수 없었어요. -> I wasn't able to concentrate because the children were too noisy.)
175
는 편이다
Tend to (저는 돈을 아끼는 편이에요. -> I tend to save money.)
176
는 한
As far as (내가 아는 한 그것은 사실이에요. -> As far as I know, it's true.)
177
는 한편
Also (회사에 다니는 한편 부업도 한다. -> I'm working at a company and also doing a side job.)
178
는/은커녕
Even (술은커녕 차도 못 마셨어요. -> I couldn't drink alcohol, not even tea.)
179
는구나
I see (이 애기는 벌써 걷는구나. -> The baby is already walking.)
180
니/냐?
Do you...? (기분 나쁘니? -> Do you feel uncomfortable?)
181
다(가) 보니(까)
While focusing... already (작업하다 보니까 새벽이 됐어요. -> While I was focusing on my work, it was already morning.)
182
다(가) 보면
When focusing (심호흡하다 보면 마음이 차분해집니다. -> When you focus on breathing deeply, you will feel calmer.)
183
다가
While (스마트폰을 사용하다가 모르면 물어보세요. -> When you don't know something while using a smartphone, please come and ask.)
184
다시피
As (보다시피 요즘 직장인들은 바빠요. -> As you can see, employees these days are busy.)
185
대로
As (교수님의 말씀대로 하. -> Let's do as the professor told us.)
186
더군(요)
I heard (따님에게 귀여운 이름을 지었더군요. -> I heard that you have given your daughter a very cute name.)
187
더니
And then (강의에 늦었더니 강사님이 야단치셨다. -> I was late for class and then the teacher scolded me.)
188
더라
I heard (그 남자는 경찰에 잡혔더라. -> I heard the guy was caught by the police.)
189
더라고(요)
Was (서울은 도쿄보다 춥더라고요. -> Seoul was colder than Tokyo.)
190
더라도
Even (힘겨운 일이 있더라도 참는다. -> I endure even when I am having a hard time.)
191
Used to (내가 다니던 중학교는 지금은 없어요. -> The middle school I used to go to is not there anymore.)
192
던가(요)?
Is...? (오늘 결혼기념일이던가? -> Is today our wedding anniversary?)
193
던데
I found [that] (길이 막히던데 사고라도 났나? -> I found a traffic jam. Was there an accident?)
194
도록
So that (이 은혜를 갚도록 항상 최선을 다하겠습니다. -> I will try my best to return this favor.)
195
든지
No matter (좋든지 싫든지 수능 봐야 한다. -> No matter I wish or not, I need to take the university entrance examination.)
196
듯이
Like (미친 듯이 춤췄다. -> I danced like a crazy person.)
197
(이)라도
Rather (이 문제지라도 풀어볼래요? -> Would you like to rather solve this problem?)
198
만 못하다
Not as (중고는 신제품만 못해요. -> Second-hand is not as good as a new product.)
199
아/어 보이다
Seem (얼굴표정이 어제보다 밝아 보여요. -> You seem to feel better than yesterday.)
200
아/어서 그런지
Probably because (나이가 들어서 그런지 몸이 예전같지 않다. -> I feel not as strong as before probably because I am getting old.)
201
아/어도
Even (설명 들어도 이해 못 하겠어요. -> I can't understand even after listening to the explanation.)
202
아/어라
Please (공을 던져라. -> Please throw the ball.)
203
아/어야
When (술자리에는 친한 친구가 있어야 재미있다. -> Drinking is fun when you have a close friend.)
204
아/어야지
Should (일찍 결혼해야지. -> You should marry quickly.)
205
아/어지다
Becoming, to get/become [adj.] (인터넷으로 세계는 가까워지고 있어요. -> The world is becoming closer through the Internet.)
206
았/었더라면
Would have (은행에서 돈을 찾았더라면 좋았을 텐데. -> It would have been better if I withdrew the money from a bank.)
207
았/었던 것 같다
Think (걔는 취업했던 것 같다. -> I think he got a job.)
208
았/었으면 하다
Wish (점심은 라면이었으면 해. -> I wish the lunch menu is ramen.)
209
(이)야말로
The (지금이야말로 역사적인 순간입니다. -> This is the historical moment.)
210
에 관해(서)
About (인기 가수에 관해서 새로운 뉴스가 나왔어요. -> The latest news about a famous singer got released.)
211
에 대해(서)
To (부부는 서로에 대해서 배려해야 한다. -> Married couples have to show respect to each other.)
212
에 따라(서)
Depending on (예산에 따라 여행일정도 달라져요. -> The travel plan changes depending on the budget.)
213
에 의해(서)
By (역경은 희망에 의해서 극복할 수 있다. -> Hardship can be overcome by hope.)
214
에다(가)
In[to] / at (우유는 냉장고에다가 넣었어요. -> I put milk into the refrigerator.)
215
을/를 비롯한
Including (나를 비롯한 모든 사람들이 그 아이디어에 찬성한다. -> Everybody including me agreed on the idea.)
216
을/를 통해(서)
From (그 배우는 드라마를 통해서 알게 되었어요. -> I got to know that actor from a TV series.)
217
Let's (이제 문 닫자. -> Let's close the door.)
218
자고 하다
[He/she] said to (동료가 포기하지 말자고 했다. -> My colleague said not to give up.)
219
자마자
As soon as (사장님은 좋은 소식을 듣자마자 미소 지었다. -> The boss smiled as soon as he heard the good news.)
220
잖아(요)
Right? (내가 많이 사줬잖아. -> I treated you many times, right?)
221
마저
Even (숙제가 많은 데다가 시간마저 부족하다. -> I have a lot of homework, but even the time is running out.)
222
만큼
As (가족만큼 중요한 것은 없다. -> There is nothing as important as family.)
223
아무 -(이)나
Any (아무 옷이나 가져오세요. -> Bring any kind of clothes.)
224
아무 -도
No (아무 걱정도 없어요. - I have no worries at all.)
225
얼마나 -(으)ㄴ/는지
How (그 당시에는 얼마나 가난했는지 몰라요. -> You can't imagine how poor we were at the time.)
226
조차
Even (기다림조차 설렙니다. -> Even the waiting time is exciting for me.)
227
치고(는)
For (아이돌치고는 나이가 많다. -> He is old for an idol.)
228
이다
To be (나는 남자이다. -> I'm a man.)
229
[Adj.] ㄴ/은
Adjective that can describe a noun [as in: "small boy"] (좋은 아들. -> Good son.)
230
는다
Present tense (나는 문을 닫는다. -> I close the door.)
231
았/었/였다
Past tense (나는 밥을 먹었다. -> I ate rice.)
232
겠다
Future tense (나는 가겠다. -> I will go.)
233
어/아/여
Present tense [informal low respect] (나는 나의 선생님을 항상 봐. -> I always see my teacher.)
234
어/아/여요
Present tense [informal high respect] (저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봐요. -> I always see my teacher.)
235
ㅂ니다/습니다
Present tense [Formal high respect] (저는 항상 아침에 운동합니다. -> I always exercise in the morning.)
236
었/았/였어
Past tense [informal low respect] (나는 먹었어. -> I ate.)
237
었/았/였어요
Past tense [informal high respect] (저는 들어봤어요. -> I listened.)
238
었/았/였습니다
Past tense [Formal high respect] (저는 운동했습니다. -> I exercised.)
239
겠어
Future tense [informal low respect] (나는 먹겠어. -> I will eat.)
240
겠어요
Future tense [informal high respect] (저는 배우겠어요. -> I will learn.)
241
겠습니다
Future tense [Formal high respect] (저는 먹겠습니다. -> I will eat.)
242
ㅅ irregular
The ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel (짓다 -> 지어 = To make/build.)
243
ㄷ irregular
The ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel (걷다 -> 걸어 = To walk.)
244
ㅂ irregular
The ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel (쉽다 -> 쉬워 = To be easy.)
245
르 Irregular
When adding 아/어, an additional ㄹ is placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant (다르다 -> 달라요 = To be different.)
246
ㄹ irregular
If the final letter of a stem is ㄹ and you add either ㄴ/은, ㄴ/는, ㅂ/습 or ㄹ/을 the ㄹ is removed from the stem and the ㄴ, ㅂ, ㄹ replaces it (길다 -> 긴 = To be long.)
247
(이)야
"To be" present tense [informal low respect] (나는 선생님이야 -> I'm a teacher.)
248
이에요/예요
"To be" present tense [informal high respect] (저는 좋은 학생이에요. -> I'm a good student.)
249
입니다
"To be" present tense [Formal high respect] (저는 의사입니다. -> I'm a doctor.)
250
이었어/였어
"To be" past tense [Informal low respect] (나는 학생이었어. -> I was a student.)
251
이었어요/였어요
"To be" past tense [Informal high respect] (저는 선생님이었어요. -> I was a teacher.)
252
이었다/였다
"To be" past tense [Plain form] (나는 의사였다. -> I was a doctor.)
253
이었습니다/였습니다
"To be" past tense [Formal high respect] (저는 의사였습니다. -> I was a doctor.)
254
[Adj. & verbs] ㄹ/을
Adding ㄹ/을 to the stem changes it to a word that can describe a noun in the future tense (행복할 사람 -> A person that will be happy.)
255
Plural [usually added to the word 사람 or other words with the meaning of people] (의사들은 돈이 많아. -> Doctors have a lot of money.)
256
(으)로
Used to indicate with what tool/device/method/material something is carried out [with, b, on, out of] (배로 제주에 갈 거야. -> I will go to Jeju by boat.)
257
(으)로부터
From (저는 그것을 친구로부터 들었어요. -> I heard that from my friend.)
258
을/를 위해(서)
To do something for [the benefit of] someone (나는 부장님을 위해(서) 이것을 썼어. -> I wrote this for my boss.)
259
에 대해
About (나는 너에 대해 생각했어. -> I thought about you.)
260
되다
Makes a verb passive [하다 verbs only!] (포함하다 -> 포함되다 = To be included.)
261
나다
Makes a verb passive [내다 is the active form] (끝내다 -> 끝나다 = To be finished.)
262
아/어지다
Makes a verb passive [Cannot be done with all verbs!] (주다 -> 주어지다 = To be given.)
263
Changes a noun into a descriptive word that has the meaning of "relating to or having the properties of" the original noun. Usually translated as "-al." (문화적 -> Relating to or having the properties of culture. "Cultural.")
264
적으로
Adverb "-ly" (문화적으로 -> Culturally.)
265
적이다
Turns the word into a adjective that can predicate a sentence or describe an upcoming noun (문화적이다 -> Cultural)
266
스럽다
Added to some nouns to change them into adjectives (사랑 -> 사랑스럽다 = Lovely)
267
Connecting particle [usually "then"] (저는 밥을 먹고 갈 거예요. -> I will eat, then go.)
268
아/어서
Indicates that one action happens after another (저는 학교에 가서 공부할 거예요. -> I will go to school, and then study.)
269
ㅎ irregular
When adding ㄴ/은, the ㅎ gets dropped and replaced by the ㄴ (노랗다 -> 노란 = Yellow)
270
ㄴ/은 이래로
Since (한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 배우고 있어요. -> Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean.)
271
ㄴ/은 후에
Since (한국에 온 후에 한국어를 배우고 있어요. -> Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean.)
272
지/죠
Turns a statement into a question (날씨가 춥죠? -> It's cold, isn't it?)