Grammar

Question 1

der

Answer 1

Masculine definite article
-Used to indicate something commonly known or when discussing something that has previously been mentioned.

Question 2

die

Answer 2

Feminine definite article
-Used to indicate something commonly known or when discussing something that has previously been mentioned.

Question 3

das

Answer 3

Neuter definite article
-Used to indicate something commonly known or when discussing something that has previously been mentioned.

Question 4

die

Answer 4

Plural definite article
-Used to indicate something commonly known or when discussing something that has previously been mentioned.

Question 5

ein

Answer 5

Masculine indefinite article
-Used when referring to something unknown or when something is mentioned for the first time.

Question 6

eine

Answer 6

Feminine indefinite article
-Used when referring to something unknown or when something is mentioned for the first time.

Question 7

ein

Answer 7

Neuter indefinite article
-Used when referring to something unknown or when something is mentioned for the first time.

Question 8

Plural endings

Answer 8

Noun in its basic form and:
-e (+ umlaut)
-er (+ umlaut)
-(e)n (+ umlaut)
-s
-no ending (+ umlaut)

Question 9

Accusative case

Answer 9

Used for the object in a sentence, answering questions “What?” or “Who?”

Masculine: den, einen Tisch
Feminine: die, eine Katze
Neuter: das, ein Haus
Plural: die, — Bücher

Question 10

Dative case

Answer 10

Used to answer the question “To whom?”

Masculine: dem, einem Tisch
Feminine: der, einer Katze
Neuter: dem, einem Haus
Plural: den, — Büchern

Question 11

Genitive case

Answer 11

Indicates ownership, answering the question “Whose?” In spoken language, the case is often replaced by preposition “von” which requires the dative cause.

Masculine: des, eines Tisches
Feminine: der, einer Katze
Neuter: des, eines Hauses
Plural: der, — Bücher

Question 12

ich - mich
du - dich
er - ihn
sie - sie
es - es
wir - uns
ihr - euch
sie - sie
Sie - Sie

Answer 12

Accusative pronouns
-Used to show the direct object in a sentence.

Example: Ich sehe dich. -> I see you.

Question 13

ich - mir
du - dir
er - ihm
sie - ihr
es - ihm
wir - uns
ihr - euch
sie - ihnen
Sie - Ihnen

Answer 13

Dative pronouns
-Used to show the indirect object in a sentence.

Example: Ich gebe dir das Buch. -> I give you the book.

Example: Kannst du mir helfen? -> Can you help me?

Question 14

Masculine: mein / unser (my/our)
Feminine: meine / unsere (my/our)
Neuter: mein / unser (my/our)
Plural: meine / unsere (my/our)

Answer 14

Possessive pronouns nominative
-Who/what is doing the action?

Question 15

Masculine: meinen / unseren (my/our)
Feminine: meine / unsere (my/our)
Neuter: mein / unser (my/our)
Plural: meine / unsere (my/our)

Answer 15

Possessive pronouns accusative
-Who/what receives the action directly?

Question 16

Masculine: meinem / unserem (my/our)
Feminine: meiner / unserer (my/our)
Neuter: meinem / unserem (my/our)
Plural: meinen / unseren (my/our)

Answer 16

Possessive pronouns dative
-Whom benefits from or receives something?

Question 17

Masculine: meines / unseres (my/our)
Feminine: meiner / unserer (my/our)
Neuter: meines / unseres (my/our)
Plural: meiner / unserer (my/our)

Answer 17

Possessive pronouns genitive
-Shows possession

Question 18

Masculine: süß”er” Saft
Feminine: ewig”e” Liebe
Neuter: teur”es” Benzin
Plural: klein”e” Kinder

Answer 18

Nominative strong adjective
-Inflected this way when they are preceded by the indefinite article, possessive pronouns, numerals or when located before abstract words that don’t have an article.
-Who/What? (subject)

Question 19

Masculine: süß”en” Saft
Feminine: ewig”e” Liebe
Neuter: teur”es” Benzin
Plural: klein”e” Kinder

Answer 19

Accusative strong adjective
-Inflected this way when they are preceded by the indefinite article, possessive pronouns, numerals or when located before abstract words that don’t have an article.
-Whom?/What? (direct object)

Question 20

Masculine: süß”em” Saft
Feminine: ewig”er” Liebe
Neuter: teur”em” Benzin
Plural: klein”en” Kindern

Answer 20

Dative strong adjective
-Inflected this way when they are preceded by the indefinite article, possessive pronouns, numerals or when located before abstract words that don’t have an article.
-To/For whom? (indirect object)

Question 21

Masculine: süß”en” Saft
Feminine: ewig”er” Liebe
Neuter: teur”en” Benzin
Plural: klein”er” Kinder

Answer 21

Genitive strong adjective
-Inflected this way when they are preceded by the indefinite article, possessive pronouns, numerals or when located before abstract words that don’t have an article.
-Whose? (possession)

Question 22

Adjective & -e/-en

Answer 22

Weak adjective
-If the adjective is preceded by the definite article as well as words like “dieser,” “jeder,” “alle,” solche,” etc.

Question 23

Remove -en/-n infinitive ending and add the personal suffix.
ich: -e
du: -st
er/sie/es: -t
wir: -en
ihr: -t
sie/Sie: -en

NOTE: If the verb stem ends in “t,” “d” or consonant clusters containing “m” or “n”, an additional “e” is added when adding endings -t/-st. (warten -> wartest, wartet)

NOTE: Strong (irregular) verbs undergo a vowel change in the verb stem in the 2nd/3rd person singular forms. a -> ä, au -> äu, e -> i/ie, o ->ö. (Tragen -> du trägst, er trägt)

Answer 23

Present tense verbs

Question 24

ich bin
du bist
er/sie/es ist
wir sind
ihr seid
sie/Sie sind

Answer 24

To be, conjugated to present tense.
-Used as an auxiliary verb with verbs that cannot have an object and that often denote movement from one place to another.

Example: Am Wochenende bin ich nach Berlin gefahren. (During the weekend, I traveled to Berlin.)

Example: Heute Morgen bin ich früh aufgewacht. (I woke up early this morning.) [Meaning that you went from being asleep to being awake.]

Question 25

ich habe du hast er/sie/es hat wir haben ihr habt sie/Sie haben

Answer 25

To have, conjugated to present tense. -Used as an auxiliary verb with all verbs that can have an object (in the accusative case), reflexive verbs (verbs that refer to some form of action that is self-directed), several verbs that can't have an object. Example: Ich habe die Zeitung gelesen. (I read the newspaper.) Example: Er hat sich beeilt. (He hurried.) Example: Gestern hat es viel geregnet. (It rained a lot yesterday.)

Question 26

ich muss du musst er/sie/es muss wir müssen ihr müsst sie/Sie müssen

Answer 26

Have to, conjugated to present tense. Modal verb. NOTE: The modal verb is conjugated and the main verb is in the infinitive (basic) form

Question 27

ich kann du kannst er/sie/es kann wir können ihr könnt sie/Sie können

Answer 27

Be able to, conjugated to present tense. Modal verb. NOTE: The modal verb is conjugated and the main verb is in the infinitive (basic) form

Question 28

ich will du willst er/sie/es will wir wollen ihr wollt sie/Sie wollen

Answer 28

Want to, conjugated to present tense. Modal verb. NOTE: The modal verb is conjugated and the main verb is in the infinitive (basic) form

Question 29

ich möchte du möchtest er/sie/es möchte wir möchten ihr möchtet sie/Sie möchten

Answer 29

Would like to, conjugated to present tense. Modal verb. NOTE: The modal verb is conjugated and the main verb is in the infinitive (basic) form

Question 30

Auxiliary verb "sein" or "haben" + past participle of the main verb. Weak verbs: ge + verb stem + (-e)t Strong verbs (irregulars): ge + verb stem (+ vowel change) + (-e)n NOTE: If the verb is made up of a preposition and a verb, the “ge” indicating the perfect tense is often added between the two. (aufstehen -> Ich bin früh auf + ge + standen.) NOTE: The "ge" is not added when the verb begins with on of the following prefixes: be-, ent-, er-, miss-, ver-, zer-, ge- and emp-. (missverstehen -> Du hast mich missverstanden.)

Answer 30

Perfect past tense -Used to describe past events that are somehow connected to the present.

Question 31

ich war du warst er/sie/es war wir waren ihr wart sie/Sie warenTo be

Answer 31

To be, conjugated in preterite (past) tense

Question 32

ich hatte du hattest er/sie/es hatte wir hatten ihr hattet sie/Sie hatten

Answer 32

To have, conjugated in preterite (past) tense

Question 33

ich wurde du wurdest er/sie/es wurde wir wurden ihr wurdet sie/Sie wurden

Answer 33

To become, conjugated in preterite (past) tense

Question 34

Masculine: kein Faminine: keine Neuter: kein Plural: keine

Answer 34

No, nominative -Who/what is NOT doing the action?

Question 35

Masculine: keinen Faminine: keine Neuter: kein Plural: keine

Answer 35

No, accusative -Who/what is NOT receiving the action directly?

Question 36

Masculine: keinem Faminine: keiner Neuter: keinem Plural: keinen

Answer 36

No, dative -Whom does NOT benefit from or does NOT receive something?

Question 37

Masculine: keines Faminine: keiner Neuter: keines Plural: keiner

Answer 37

No, genitive -Shows the LACK of possession

Question 38

Indirect word order

Answer 38

If the sentence begins with an adverb denoting time, manner, place or object the word order is inverted and the conjugated verb comes before the subject. (Applies with sentences that being with question words.) Example: Wann kommt der Bus? (When does the bus arrive?) Example: Gestern haben wir Tennis gespielt. (We played tennis yesterday.)

Question 39

Direct word order

Answer 39

If the sentence begins with the subject, the word order is direct, meaning that the conjugated verb follows the subject. Example: Meine Schwester arbeitet als Lehrerin. (My sister works as a teacher.)

Question 40

Subordinate clauses

Answer 40

Subordinate clauses are entences that generally do not make sense on their own. Subordinating conjunctions (als, bevor, dass, nachdem, ob, obwohl, weil and wenn), which are used to form subordinate clauses, affect the word order. The conjugated verb is always in final position in a subordinate clause Ich habe bemerkt, dass du heute sehr müde aussiehst. (I noticed that you look very tired today.)