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A Level English > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Nouns

A

Names, labels, people or concepts

Answer the question WHAT?

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2
Q

Proper nouns

A

Begin with a capital letter
Refer to specific people, places, occasions, time

E.g. London, Friday

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3
Q

Concrete nouns

A

Refer to physical things like people, objects, places

E.g. table, photograph

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4
Q

Abstract noun

A

Refer to things that don’t physically exist like ideas, concepts, feelings, time frames.
They cannot be touched or seen.

E.g. arrogance, year

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5
Q

Collective noun

A

Refer to groups of people, animals or objects

E.g. team, class, herd

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6
Q

Adjectives

A

Describe nouns

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7
Q

Qualitative adjective

A

describing a noun with facts, things that are certain

E.g. green, pregnant

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8
Q

Evaluative adjectives

A

Describing a noun through judgements and opinions

E.g. nice, horrible

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9
Q

Comparative adjectives

A

comparing nouns
(-er, more, less)

E.g. bigger, more dedicated

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10
Q

Superlative adjectives

A

Indicating the most of least of something
(-est, most, least)

E.g. most intelligent, smallest

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11
Q

Premodifier

A

Words that are used before a noun to provide more information about the it
adjectives, determiners, pronouns

E.g. shopping centre

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12
Q

Verbs

A

Convey an action the subject is doing or the state the subject is in.

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13
Q

Infinitives

A

to + verb

E.g. to run, to be

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14
Q

Present participle

A

-ing ending
Has no auxiliary verb

E.g. eating, staying

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15
Q

Past participle

A

-ed ending (except irregulars)
Has no auxiliary verb but used after had/has/have

E.g. shown, danced

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16
Q

Modal auxiliary verbs

A

Followed by a main verb
Cover a range of possibilities

E.g. can/could, shall/should, will/would, may/might, ought to/must

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17
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Help verbs form tenses

E.g. to be, to have, to do

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18
Q

Simple present tense

A

Express actions that normally happen, what currently is
1 verb, no auxiliary verb
-s added to 3rd person (he/she/it)

E.g. play/plays, help/helps

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19
Q

Simple past tense

A

Express actions that happened in the past
1 verb, no auxiliary verb
-ed for regular verbs

E.g. played, helped

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20
Q

Future tense

A

Used to talk about events that will happen
2 verbs
will/shall + base form of main verb

E.g. will revise, shall eat

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21
Q

Present perfect tense

A

Recent past - things that have just finished
2 verbs
have/has + past participle

E.g. have danced, has finished

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22
Q

Past perfect tense

A

Distant past - actions which happened before another past action occurred
2 verbs
had + past participle

E.g. had created, had asked

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23
Q

Present continuous

A

Actions that are ongoing now
2 verbs
is/am/are + present participle

E.g. am talking, is typing

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24
Q

Past continuous

A

Actions that happened in the past but lasted a while
2 verbs
was/were + present participle

E.g. was writing, were designing

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25
Adverbs
describe verbs | answer the questions how? when? where?
26
Adverb of time
answer when? E.g. now, soon, yesterday
27
Adverb of manner
answer how? E.g. quickly, calmly
28
Adverb of place
answer where? E.g. here, there, anywhere
29
Adverb of frequency
answer how often? E.g. frequently, rarely
30
Prepositions
relate one thing to another in terms of place E.g. in, on, at, by, while, with, from, under, beside
31
Pronouns
Replace nouns
32
1st person pronouns
Includes the speaker E.g. I, me, we
33
2nd person pronouns
refers to the other person in the conversation | you
34
3rd person pronouns
those being talked about not part of the conversation E.g. he, she, they
35
Subject pronouns
can be used at the beginning of the sentence the one doing the verb E.g. I, you, he, she, they
36
Object pronouns
the one being affected by the verb E.g. them, me, us
37
Possessive pronouns
indicate possession E.g. my, your, his their
38
Reflexive pronouns
end in -self or -selves e.g. myself, himself, herself, themselves
39
Noun phrase
premodifier + noun has no verb E.g. the baby, every college
40
Adjective phrase
Intensifier (very, really etc) + adjective E.g. extremely nice, very talented
41
Verb phrase
A group of verbs together auxiliary verbs + main verbs E.g. am drinking, are seeing
42
Prepositional phrase
starts with a preposition has a noun/noun phrase E.g. in the morning
43
Adverbial of place
A prepositional phrase which answers where? E.g. in a cupboard
44
Adverbial of time
A prepositional phrase which answers when? E.g. in the afternoon
45
Adverbial of manner
A prepositional phrase which answers how? E.g. with a smile
46
Clauses
Must have a verb in it | infinitives and participles do not count as a verb
47
Main clauses
Has 1 verb Can stand on its own and make sense E.g. the snow is falling
48
Coordinating clause
Starts with a coordinating conjunction (and/but/or) has 1 verb E.g. and he ran away
49
Subordinate clause
Has 1 verb starts with a subordinating conjunction (because, that, if etc) there are 3 types - relative, adverbial, noun
50
Relative subordinate clause
Gives more information about a noun starts with which, that, who Can replace has a verb E.g. who helped me
51
Adverbial subordinate clause
Answers the question when? where? how? why? has a verb E.g. although it was raining
52
Noun subordinate clause
Answers the question what? has a verb starts with what, that (can't be replaced by who/which) E.g. that he is right (the 'that' can be hidden)
53
Verbs that don’t count in sentences
Present participles without an auxiliary in-front of it , infinitives
54
Simple sentence
One clause - one verb E.g. the weather is nice
55
Compound sentence
2 or more clauses - 2+ verbs Only have coordinating clauses E.g. the weather is nice and it is hot
56
Complex sentence
2 clauses - 2+ verbs At least one subordinate clause E.g. the weather would be nice if it was sunny
57
Complex-compound sentence
Minimum of 3 clauses - 3+ verbs Has a subordinate clause Has a coordinating clause The subordinate clause comes before the coordinating clause E.g. the weather was nice because it was hot and it was sunny.
58
Compound-complex sentence
Minimum of 3 clauses - 3+ verbs Coordinating clause Subordinate clause The coordinating clause comes before the subordinate clause E.g. the weather was hot and it was sunny because there was no clouds.
59
Minor sentence
When a subject or verb is missing so a word or phrase is used as a whole sentence
60
Sentence functions
Declarative Interrogative Imperative Exclamative
61
Declarative sentences
Convey information or state a fact E.g. I have homework to do
62
Interrogative sentences
Used in questions E.g. where is my homework?
63
Imperative sentences
Give commands or orders E.g. give me my homework
64
Exclamative sentences
Make exclamations E.g. what a shit piece of homework!

A Level English (6 decks)

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