Grammar Flashcards
(46 cards)
Define Grammar
A system of rules for the use of language or as a study of what is preferred, what’s to be avoided in effective speech and writing. It is descriptive statement of the way the language works.
T/F Grammar has everything to do with correctness. It describes but does not prescribe.
False. Grammar has NOTHING to do with correctness. It describes but does not prescribe.
Define noun
name of a person, place, animal, thing, persons, objects or idea, substance, qualities, actions and measures of time or quantity. Ex. girl, mansion, municipality, religion, honor
Define Proper Nouns
Refer to particular places, persons, objects, ideas, etc. Ex. Adrianne, Malacañang Palace, UP
Define Abstract nouns
describes ideas or general concepts. Ex. justice, transportation
Define Concrete Nouns
describe tangible items. Ex. courtroom, bicycle
Define Pronoun
substitute for noun. This is used to avoid repetition of nouns in a sentence. Ex. his, he, him
Define Verb
expresses action or state of being; indicates time of action or being; only part of speech that can make a statement about the subject. Ex. waive, need, enjoy
Define active verb
term for the grammatical structure indicating that the subject of the sentence performs or causes the action expressed by the verb.
Define passive verb
can create a sentence that is less precise, which makes the reader wonder who decided.
Define Auxiliary verb
added to the basic verb to change verb tenses and to add specific shades of meaning.
Rules on should
implies that some action was preferable but was not in fact taken.
Rules on could
implies the capacity to do something but suggests that the action will not or has not been done.
Rules on would
implies that an action would have been taken had conditions been different.
Rules on can
implies capacity to do something although action has not yet been taken.
Rules on might
implies possibility
General rules on may
implies permission to do something; possibility of something happening
Rules on may in the case of US vs. Sanchez
It is not mandatory but discretionary
Rules on may in the case of In re: Guarina, 24 Phil. 41
“May” should be read as “shall”, where such construction is necessary to give effect to the apparent intention of the legislator.
Rules on may in the case of Gonzales vs. La Previsora Filipina
“May” ordinarily indicates potestative condition, but should be read as “shall” when the apparent intentiion of the parties demands such construction.
Rules on may in the case of Luna v. Abaya, Capati v Ocampo, Gold Loop Properties, Inc v CA
“May” is usually permissive not mandatory.
Rules on may in the case of Federation of Free Workers v Inciong
“may” in a statute is to be construes as mandatory and imposing a duty or merely permissive and conferring discretion. But, whether the legislator’s intention as a whole is to enact a law, mandatory in character, it should be given ordinary permissive effect.
Rules on “must”
implies a requirement to do something or refrain from doing something.
Rules on Must in the case of Diokno v Rehabilitation Finance Corporation
“must” in a statute is not always imperative but may be consistent with an exercise of discretion.
