Grammar Chp 26-50 Flashcards by Edd Ipp

～んです

Showing care/used for explanation (similar to から)

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～て　いただけませんか

Could you please ~

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～たら　いいですか

Should I do ~ ?

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～[え]ます
～来られます
～できます

可能形 can ~ form
can do ~

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～しか～ません

Only can ~

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O1は～、O2は～

サッカーはしますが、野球はしません。

Comparison
O1, O2

I play soccer, but I don’t play baseball.

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AながらB

写真を見せながら説明します。
働きながら日本語を勉強しています。

Doing B while doing A
Doesn’t have to be simultaneous

Explaining while looking at the photos.
Studying Japanese while working.

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～ています

休みの日は絵をかいています

Tendencies, habits

I draw on my days off

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～し、～し～

鈴木さんは若いし、体も大きいし、それに力も強いです

Listing traits that work together to prove a point

Suzuki is young, big, and moreover she’s strong (Trying to show she’s great)

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～は/が～ています

ドアが開いています
この袋は破れています

Object is in left in a state without intention

The door is open
This bag is torn

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～てしまいます

レポートは今晩書いてしまいます
漢字の宿題はもうやってしまいました

Finishing something off, putting it away

I will write the report tonight
I’ve already done my kanji homework

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～てしまいました

財布を落としてしまいました

Shows disappointment, displeasure with something

I [unfortunately] lost my wallet

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～てあります

テーブルにお皿が並べてあります

Something was done with intention by someone

The dishes were arranged on the table

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～ておきます

子供が生まれる前に、名前を決めておきます
食事がおわったら、茶わんやお皿を洗っておきます
明日会議がありますから、椅子はそこにそのままにしておきます

Before something, do ~ in preparation
After something, do ~.

Decide on a name before the baby is born
After the meal is over, wash the bowls and dishes
I have a meeting tomorrow, so leave the chairs there

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～[お]う
～こ（来）よう
～しよう

Let’s ~

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～と思っています

I’m thinking about~

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～ていません

hasn’t ~

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～つもりです

One intends to ~

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～予定です

Plans to/has plans to ~

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～ほうがいいです

It would be better to ~

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～でしょう

Right?

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～かもしれません

Possibly ~

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～[え]
～来い
～しろ

Command/order
Do ~

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～[う]な
～来るな
～するな

Command/order
Don’t ~

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～と書いてあります

~ is written

～と読みます

Reads ~

～という意味です

Means ~

Aは～と言っていました

A said ~

Aに～と伝えていただけませんか

Could you please tell A ~

A～たとおりに、～

Doing something as A said/instructed, based on A, and the like As A ~, ~

～あとで、～

After ~, ~

～て出かけます

Going out after ~

Aないで、B

Doing B instead of A

～[え]ば～来れば～すれば [い]～ければ [な]～なら [明]～なら

If ~ form

～なら、～がいいです

When it comes to ~ , ~ is good

[可能形]ように、～

So that one can ~, ~

[可能形]ようになりました

Become able to ~

[可能形]ようにしています

Trying to develop habit

[可能形]ようにしてください

Please try/try not to ~

～[あ]れます～られます～されます

Passive form

～のは～

To ~ is ~ The [who/what/when/where/why/how] is ~

～のが～

One likes/dislikes/is [ability] at ~

～のを　忘れました

One forgot that ~

～のを知っていますか

Does one know that ~

Aて、B

Because A, B

～で～

Because [natural disaster], ~

～ので、～

Due to (polite ver. of から), ~ Usually only works with cause and effect

～か、わかりません

Short ver. of ですか Whether ~, I don't know

～かどうか、～

Whether or not ~, ~

～てみます

Try to ~

いただきます

Polite ver. of もらいます When one receives something from a superior

くださいます

Polite ver. of くれます When you receive something from a superior

やります

Impolite ver. of あげます When one gives something to someone of lower status, or to an animal

～ていただきます

Polite ver. of ～てもらいます When someone of higher status does something for one of lower status

～てくださいます

Polite ver. of ～てくれます When someone of higher status does something for you

～てやります

Impolite ver. of ～てあげます When you do something for someone of lower status/an animal

～くださいませんか

Could you please ~ for me

～ために、～

In order to achieve ~, ~ More intention, doing something with intention of actually making it happen

～（の）に～

Doing ~ for the purpose of ~

～（の）に [量] かかります

In order to ~, it takes ~

～そうです

Looks like ~ Based on direct observation

～て来ます

Going to ~, then coming back

～すぎます

Too ~

～は～やすいです

Easy to ~

～は～にくいです

Difficult to ~

～を～します

Make something [into a different state]

[meal]は～にします

I will have ~ for [meal]

～場合は、～

In the situation of

～のに、～

Despite ~, ~ Shows disappointment

～るところです

Just started ~

～ているところです

In the middle of ~

～たところです

Just finished ~ Literally

～たばかりです

Just finished ~ But not literally, could be something that happened a month ago

～はずです

It's got to have ~

～[う]そうです

Seems like ~ Based on what you heard

～ようです

Seems like ~ Based on how you feel about it

～[あ]せます～させます

To make/let someone do something A makes/lets B ~

AはBにOを～[あ]せます

A makes/lets B ~ with O

～ていただけませんか

Would you please ~

～[あ]れます～られます～されます

尊敬語 ver. of ～ます (talking about superiors to superiors/equals) basic politeness

お～になりました

尊敬語 ver. of ～ます 2nd level of politeness

いらっしゃいます

尊敬語 ver. of 行きます、来ます、います

召し上がります

尊敬語 ver. of 食べます、飲みます

おっしゃいます

尊敬語 ver. of 言います

ご存知です

尊敬語 ver. of 知っていますご存じません＝知りません

ご覧になります

尊敬語 ver. of 見ます

なさいます

尊敬語 ver. of します

お/ご～ください

尊敬語 ver. of ～ください

お/ご～します

謙譲語 ver. of ～ます

まいります（参ります）

謙譲語 ver. of 行きます、来ます

おります

謙譲語 ver. of います

いただきます

謙譲語 ver. of 食べます、飲みます、もらいます

申します

謙譲語 ver. of 言います

いたします

謙譲語 ver. of します

存じております

謙譲語 ver. of 知っています

存じません

謙譲語 ver. of 知りません

拝見します

謙譲語 ver. of 見ます

伺います

謙譲語 ver. of 聞きます、うちへ行きます

お目にかかります

謙譲語 ver. of 会います

Grammar Chp 26-50 Flashcards

(99 cards)