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CELTA > Grammar Definitions > Flashcards

Grammar Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Demonstrative

A

Points to something in particular
4 in total (This, that, these, those)
Can be used as Determiners

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2
Q

Determiners

A 
Come before nouns to classify them
3 categories:
(Definite: the, my, this, that)
(Indefinite: a, all, some, every, each)
(‘Wh’ Words: what, which, whose)
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3
Q

Semantic

A

Simple definition

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4
Q

Register

A

How a word is typically used

Eg: formal, informal, colloquial

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5
Q

Connotation

A

Positive or negative meaning

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6
Q

Collocation

A

How words are usually used together

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7
Q

Phonology

A

Study of phonetics and pronunciation

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8
Q

Phoneme

A

Unit of sound

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9
Q

Orthography

A

Letter formation

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10
Q

Idiomatic

A

Natural to a native-speaker
Informal
Colloquial

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11
Q

Receptive skills

A

Reading, listening

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12
Q

Productive skills

A

Speaking, writing

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13
Q

Adjective

A

Gives more info about a noun or pronoun

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14
Q

Adverb

A

Gives more info about a verb

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15
Q

Definite article

A

The

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16
Q

Indefinite article

A

A or an

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17
Q

Name the two ‘aspects’ in English

A

Continuous progressive
Perfect
(Gives more info about a verb in relation to time)

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18
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Used with other Verbs to create questions, negatives and tenses (Eg: Be, Do, Have)

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19
Q

Base form of verb

A

Infinitive without ‘To’

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20
Q

Clause

A

Can be full or part sentence, generally contains:

Subject and finite verb relating to subject or object

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21
Q

Collective noun

A

Noun relating to group of things

Eg: The Police

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22
Q

Comparative adjective

A

Adjective that compares 2 things

Eg: Taller

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23
Q

Complex sentence

A

One that contains main clause and subordinate one(s)

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24
Q

Compound noun

A

Combination of 2 words to describe something (Eg: Headache)

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25
Name the 4 Conditional verb forms
``` First conditional (I will come if I can) - likely Second conditional (I would go if..) - unlikely Third conditional (I would have called...)- past that can’t be changed Mixed conditional (Referring to different timeframes) ```
26
Conjunction
Used to connect phrases, clauses or sentences (Eg: but, because, and, or, so, yet etc)
27
Countable noun
Has both singular and plural forms
28
Demonstrative adjective
Explains if something is near or far | Eg: This table, that book
29
Demonstrative pronoun
Replaces a noun and describes if it is near or far | Eg: This, that, these, those
30
Dependent preposition
A ‘prep’ always used with a particular verb, noun or adjective (Eg: interested IN, depend ON etc)
31
Exponent
Example of a grammar point
32
What are the 4 Future forms?
...with ‘going to’ (I am going to see) ...with present continuous (I am seeing) ...with present simple (I see him at 4pm) ...with ‘will’ or ‘shall’ (I will see)
33
Gerund
-ING form of verb acting as a noun
34
Infinitive of purpose
Explains WHY something is/was done | Eg: in order to...
35
Intransitive
A verb which does not take a direct object | Eg: She cried
36
Noun
A person, place or thing
37
Object
The thing affected by the action of the verb
38
Object pronoun
Word that replaces an object noun | Eg: him, her, it
39
Present participle
- ING form of verb | Used to create tenses and adjectives
40
Past participle
- ED form of verb | Used to create tenses or adjectives
41
Particle
Small adverb or preposition that doesn’t change its form | Eg: after
42
Passive sentence
Something is done TO the subject
43
Active sentence
Something is done BY the subject
44
Personal pronoun
Used instead of names | Eg: I - Subject; Me - object; You - S or O; he/she, him/her; We, us; They/Them
45
Phonology
The study of sounds
46
Phrase
Group of words that do not form a whole sentence (Eg: the Green car)
47
Possessive adjective
Shows who something belongs to | Eg: My...
48
Possessive pronoun
Replaces a noun and shows ownership | Eg: Mine
49
Preposition
Used in front of nouns, pronouns & gerunds | Shows the relationship between noun and other words in sentence
50
Proper noun
Name of person or place
51
Quantifier
Word or phrase used with a noun to show amount (Eg: much, a lot of)
52
Question tag
Phrase used at end of statement to make it a question
53
Regular verb
Adds -ED in the past simple and past participle
54
Relative pronoun
Introduces a relative clause, Eg: | “The book WHICH I’m reading
55
Reported speech
Speech reported by another person
56
Reporting verb examples
Tell, advise, suggest
57
Subject
The person or thing doing the action or (in passive sentences) receiving it
58
Superlative adjective
Compares more than 2 things, Eg: | He is the TALLEST boy in the class
59
Transitive
A verb which takes a direct object, Eg | He HIT the ball
60
Used to
A structure to show something happened in the past but no longer
61
Verb
Used to describe an action, state or process
62
Verb pattern
Form of words following a verb, Eg | He advised ME TO GET there asap
63
Antonym
Opposite of another word
64
Chunk
Groups of words commonly found together | Eg: Phrasal Verbs, idioms, collocations
65
Compound
When two or more nouns, Verbs, adjectives or prepositions are used together
66
Homonym
A word with the same spelling and pronunciation as another word but a different meaning
67
Homophone
A word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning and spelling
68
Idiom
A group of words with a different meaning to that of the individual words
69
Lexis
Vocabulary: individual words or sets of words
70
Lexical set
Groups of words with same topic
71
Phrasal Verbs
Part of speech made up of more than one word, with a different meaning to the individual words (Eg: Look after)
72
Prefix/suffix
Group of letters added to start or end of word to create new word
73
Root/base word
Basic word to which prefixes or suffixes can be added to create new word, Eg: Photograph, photographer, photographic
74
Synonym
Word which has the same, or virtually same, meaning as another word
75
Word family
A group of words that come from the same root (Eg: economy, economist, economic)
76
Connected speech
When words join to form a connected stream of sounds
77
Contrastive stress
Stress used on a word in a sentence for emphasis or contrast
78
Contraction
A shorter form of a group of words, Eg | You have = You’ve
79
Diphthong
A vowel combination used by moving from one vowel to another
80
Minimal pair
Two words only differentiated by one change in sound (Eg: hit, heat)
81
Functional exponent
The word that indicates the purpose of what the speaker is saying(Eg: Let’s is an exponent of suggestion)

CELTA (2 decks)

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