GRAMMAR DRILLS Flashcards
(23 cards)
diminutives, pejoratives and augmentatives for:
- l’uomo
- la ragazza
- il gatto
- la parola
- il palazzo
- la stanza
- la vecchia
- la scarpa
- l’uccello
- la sorella
- la macchina
- il libro
- l’ometto l’omaccio l’omone
- la ragazzina la ragazzaccia la ragazzona
- il gattino il gattaccio il gattone
- la parolina la parolaccia la parolona
- il palazzino il palazzaccio il palazzone
- la stanzina la stanzaccia la stanzona
- la vecchietta la vecchiaccia la vecchiona
- la scarpina la scarpaccia la scarpona
- l’uccellino l’uccellaccio l’uccellone
- la sorellina la sorellaccia la sorellona
- la macchinina la macchinaccia la macchinona
- il librino il libraccio il librone
Uno is used before masculine nouns starting with?..
s + a consonant,
ps, z, y, gn,
as well as a few French words used in Italian,
and starting with ch.
What the the diminutives of these words?
l’albero
camicia
la casa
il cuore
il pane
la pazza
il prato
l’uccello
l’uomo
la vecchia
l’alberello
camicina
la casina
il cuoricino
la pagnotta
la pazzerella
il praticello
l’uccellino
l’ometto
la vecchietta
What is the plural form of these words?
l’arancia
la doccia
la faccia
la frangia
la pioggia
la valigia
la guancia
le arance
le docce
le facce
le frange
le piogge
le valige
le guance
Feminine nouns ending in -ciaand -gia usually translate into -e in the plural form.** **Exceptions: lacamicia and la ciliegia; camicie**, ciliegie.**
Combining definite articles with prepositions…
Gimme some Italian partitive articles…
del, dello/della, dell’, dei, degli
dei polli
degli aerei
In grammatica, l’articolo partitivo è utilizzato per introdurre
una quantità imprecisata. Non si usa nelle frasi negative e interrogative. Deve il suo nome al fatto che indica normalmente la parte di un insieme. È usato in lingue romanze come il francese e l’italiano.
https://is.gd/kNTzdA
What are the pejoratives for these words:
lazy young man
untalented poet
brat, bad boy
big, bad dog
big, ugly house
bad, ugly woman
lousy room
bad road
il giovinastro
il poetucolo
il ragazzaccio
il cagnaccio
la casaccia
la donnaccia
la stanzaccia
la stradaccia
What is the plural of these words?
città - gioventù - tribù
They’re invariable.
Masculine and feminine nouns accented in the final vowel, and monosyllable nouns, do not change in the plural.
The adjective nessuno (nobody) may replace the partitive article in a negative sentence but only when followed by a singular noun.
Examples…
Non c’è nessun posto libero nello stadio.
Non ci sono dei posti liberi nello stadio.
Non c’è nessuna casa libera al momento.
Non ci sono delle case libere al momento.
definite article before a masculine word:
usually it’s ‘il’.
but some masculine words are preceded by ‘lo’.
these are words beginning with the following letters:
- s + consonant
- z
- ps
- gn
- y
- a vowel - in which case, you get l’
words ending in -e that can be either masculine or feminine
cantante
consorte
nipote
paziente
Plural forms of compound nouns?
il cacciavite
il cantastorie
il paracadute
il parafulmine
il paraurti
il paravento
il portafoglio
il portavoce
i cacciaviti
i cantastorie
i paracaduti
i parafulmini
i paraurti
i paravento
i portafogli
i portavoce
There is no rule to follow here, so it is best if these nouns are practiced and memorized.
the skier (m. and feminine)
lo sciatore, la sciatrice
Words ending in -io
and in which the final i in io is stressed have a plural ending in?
-ii
fruscio - fruscii
ronzio- ronzii
zio - zii
What do pronouns do?
I, you, him/her, us, you, they
They replace nouns.
io, tu, lui/lei, noi, voi, loro
Lei and Loro (note the capitals) are formal forms of third singular and plural; they’re used when referring to strangers, acquaintances, older people.
Pronouns are generally omitted in Italian - why?
When they are used, it is as a means of emphasising things - give an example.
Because for the most part, the verb endings and
other references within the sentence reveal the subject.
Example of the use of a pronouns to stress a point:
Hai detto tu stesso che non era bel film.
You said it yourself, that the movie wasn’t good.
In the above instance, ‘stesso’ has been added for additional emphasis.
Direct object pronouns.
me, you, him her
us, you, them, them (two forms, standard and formal)
Name them in Italian.
mi, ti, lo, la
ci, vi, li, le
Direct object pronouns.
Translate:
I want to clean it well.
I have to invite them for dinner.
Hint: there are two ways in both sentences.
Voglio pulirlo bene.
Lo voglio pulire bene.
Devo invitarli a cena.
Li devo invitare a cena.
When the infinitive is preceded by dovere, potere, or volere, the direct object pronoun may either precede the verb or be attached to the infinitive (after dropping the -e of the infinitive).
Direct object pronouns
Translate:
Have you mailed the letters?
Yes, I have already mailed them.
Have you listened to the CDs?
Yes, we listened to them yesterday.
Hai spedito le lettere?
Sì, le ho già spedite.
Avete ascoltato i CD?
Sì, li abbiamo ascoltati ieri.
In compound tenses conjugated with avere (to have), the past participle
agrees in gender and number with the direct object pronouns lo, la, le, li. Agreement with mi, ti, ci, vi is optional.
ole time subject pronouns
he
she
he; it (animals, things)
she; it (animals, things)
they; they (formal)
egli
ella
esso
essa
essi / esse
Direct object pronouns.
in positive and negative, formal and informal commands
Translate:
Buy it! / Don’t buy it!
Take it / Don’t take it.
INFORMAL
Compralo
Non comprarlo / Non la comprare
FORMAL
Lo prenda / Non lo prenda
When informal, the command allows the dop to be either side of the verb;
When formal, whether positive or negative, the dop comes before the verb.
Indirect object pronouns
list them.
- *HINT:**
- IOPs indicate the person or thing at which the action of the verb is directed.*
- Mi - a me (to me)
- Ti - a te (to you)
- Gli - a lui (to him)
- Le - a lei (to her)
- Ci - a noi (to us)
- Vi - a voi (to you guys/you all)
- Gli - a loro (to them)
Indirect v. Direct Object Pronouns
Create a sentence for each.
Direct:
Conosci Tom? (Do you know Tom?)
Sì, LO conosco (Yes, I know HIM) or (Yes, IT IS HIM that I know) Remember, backwards/reversed way of thinking.
Indirect:
Puoi scrivere qualcosa a Tom? (Can you write something to Tom?)
Sì, GLI scrivo qualcosa (Yes, I’ll write something TO HIM) or (Yes, TO HIM I’ll write something)
BTW, today gli is often used in place of loro, so it is being used for the singular masculine and for the
plural masculine and feminine.
Ho chiesto loro di venire con noi. I asked them to come with us.
Gli ho chiesto di venire con noi. I asked
