grammar rules

Question 1

でいる

Answer 1

Activity verbs = action in progress

Verbs can be put into 3 types
1. activities that last for some time
2. changes that are more or less instantaneous

Question 2

A さん　は　body part が　adjective .

Answer 2

が　ー this is particle we use to describe a person’s appearance

Question 3

て　ー　form for joining nouns & adjectives

Answer 3

い　ー replace with くて
irregular ー　いい　ー＞　よくて

な ー　add で
noun ー add で

Question 4

Verb Stem + に行く

Answer 4

If a person moves to another place in order to do something
destination of movement「に　へ」the purpose of movement
に　「行く　くる　かえる」

the purpose of movement uses verb stem e.g.
食べる　ー＞　たべ（ます）

Question 5

To count people

Answer 5

person が　ｘ　人います

Question 6

あそぶ
する
ひく

Answer 6

To play or spend time pleasantly we use あそぶ
To play games or sports する
To play music instruments ひく

Question 7

Short form - Present affirmative

Answer 7

verb : よみます　＞　よむ　( dictionary form )
い :　かわいいいです　＞　かわいい ( drop です）

な :　しずかです　＞　しすかだ　( replace です with だ　）
noun :　がくせいです　＞　がくせいだ

Question 8

Short form - Present negative

Answer 8

い :　くないです　ー　くない

な :　じゃないです　ー　じゃない
noun :　じゃないです　ー　じゃない
Drop (です）for all

Question 9

Verbs
Short form - Present negative

Answer 9

る　- Drop final る　and add ない
う　- Drop last- う and add あない
Turn any sound into an a sound.
わ goes to あ

Irregular - [する > しない ] / [くる > こない]
exception - ある > ない

Question 10

Short form quoted speech

Answer 10

~と思います = i think

~と言っていました = they said

Question 11

Negative Request

Answer 11

verb( short, neg ) + でください

Question 12

Nominalization

Answer 12

person は　verb short form + の + が + adj です。　
= turns the verb into a noun

Question 13

Something
何か
Nothing
何も

Answer 13

何か = positive statements + questions e.g. something + anything ?

何も = negative statements e.g. not anything

Question 14

Short form - Past affirmative

Answer 14

verbs : replace て、で and change to た、だ
い : replace last い with かった

な : replace long-form でした with だった
noun : replace long-form でした with だった

Question 15

Short form - Past negative

Answer 15

verbs : ない goes to なかた
い : くない goes to くなかった

な : じゃない goes to じゃなかった
noun : じゃない goes to じゃなかった

Question 16

もう & ました

まだ &ていません

Answer 16

Used for having done something already
もう something + verb ました

Used for not having done something already
まだ something + verb ていません

Question 17

から = because

Answer 17

explanation　から, situation.
＝situation, because explanation
= explanation, therefore situation

Question 18

Comparison between 2 items

Answer 18

Statement
A のほうが B より ( property ) . = A is more ( property ) than B。
Question
A と B と　どちら /どっち　のうほが　( property ) .

Question 19

Comparison between more than 2 things

Answer 19

A と B と C 　の中で　 A　が　いちばん ( property )。
Among these A is the most ( property ).

Question 20

Adjective / Noun の

Answer 20

We can replace a noun that follows an adjective with の if it is clear what we are referring to.
[ い / な ] + noun　ー＞　　[ い / な ] + の

Question 21

I intend to
~ つもりです

Answer 21

verb ( short , present ) + つもりです。

Question 22

Adjective + なる

Answer 22

い : replace い with くなる
な : add になる to adjective
noun : add　になる to adjective

Question 23

どこかに

どこにも

Answer 23

expressions for asking questions

Question 24

で for transportation

Answer 24

We can use で to describe the means of transportation and the instruments we use.

Question 25

~たい

Answer 25

verb stem + たいです I want to do something ...

Question 26

~たり / ～たりする

Answer 26

verb(short , past) + り, verb(short , past) + り ... + する To mention a set of activities in no set order and mention them as examples. する dictates the tense of the sentence

Question 27

~ことがある

Answer 27

verb (short, past, affirmative) + ことごある did - あります did not - ありません To describe if you have done something before or something happened in earlier times.

Question 28

Noun A や Noun B

Answer 28

A や B A and B, for example When u plan to do a lot of things and A,B are some of them. We use it when we want to imply that we did more than just A & B.

Question 29

~んです

Answer 29

short form of ( verb / adjective / noun ) + んです。 It makes the sentence sound more sincere. Serves as an explanation / reason to something.

Question 30

+ んです

Answer 30

い：add んです after い な：な　+　んです Noun ：な　+　んです

Question 31

～すぎる

Answer 31

verb stem + すぎる Means too much or excess Since it is a Ru-verb you can conjugate it to すぎます。

Question 32

～ほうがいい

Answer 32

verb short form (past / present) & (+ / - ) + ほうがいいですよ To give advice

Question 33

~ので Same function as から

Answer 33

reason + ので + situation. reason because situation. ので - more formal から - more casual For な / Noun =　なので

Question 34

～なければいけません ～なきゃいけません ～なきゃ

Answer 34

verb + short negative + either versions = you must do (verb) For past add いけませんでした For casual add なきゃ

Question 35

~でしょうか

Answer 35

If one doesn't know an answer and is embarrassed you can use this to confirm your knowledge