Subject
The person or thing the sentence is about
Basic parts of speech
Noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection
Simple subject
The main word naming the person, place, thing or idea that the sentence is about
Compound subject
Two or more subjects joined together by a conjunction
Predicate
What the subject does (expressing action) or is (state of being)
Simple predicate
Verb or verb phrase of the sentence
Compound predicates
Two or more verbs joined together with a conjunction
Simple sentence
A sentence that may have a single or a compound subject and a single or compound predicate.
One independent clause
Compound sentence
A sentence which consists of two independent clauses, which are joined by a coordinating conjunction, punctuation, or both.
Complex sentence
A sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
Compound-complex sentence
A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Declarative sentence
Sentence that makes a statement
Interrogative sentence
A sentence that asks a question
Imperative sentence
A sentence that commands
Exclamatory sentence
A sentence that communicates surprise or strong emotion
Conditional sentence
A sentence that expresses a wish or condition contrary to fact
Direct object
A word that receives the action of a transition action verb or shows the results of an action; it answers the question what? or whom? after an action verb.
Renames the subject
Indirect object
A word that proceeds the direct object and usually tells Whom, for whom, or to what the action of the transitive verb is done.
Always before the DO
Predicate nominative
Word, noun, or pronoun compliment, that refers to the same person or thing as the subject of the linking verb.
Renames the subject
Predicate adjective
An adjective complement that modifies the subject and follows a linking verb.
D scribe the subject
Phrase
A group of related words that lack either a subject or a predicate or both
Noun phrase
Consists of a noun and it’s modifiers. Acts as a simple noun.
Verb phrase
Consists of a verb and it’s modifiers
Verbal phrase
A phrase based on various forms of verbs: gerund, infinitive, and participial
Gerund phrase
Based on a verb ending in -ing. Used as a noun.
Infinitive phrase
Based on an infinitive- a verb with to in front of it.
Participial phrase
Past or present participle with its modifiers. Whole phrase functions as an adjective.
Prepositional phrase
Position, it’s object, and any modifiers. Shows relation with in the sentence. Ask as an adjective or an adverb
Appositive phrase
Noun and it’s modifiers. Located next to another noun, which it remains. Adds more information, does not modify any word. Could be taken out of the sentence and sentence would remain clear
Absolute phrase
Noun and a participle. Alters the entire sentence
Clause
Group of related words that has both a subject and a predicate
Adverb clause
Used like an adverb
Adjective clause
Used like an adjective
Noun clause
Used in place of a noun.
Subject and verb agreement
Agree in number.
Singular or plural
Intervening phrases
Comes between the subject and verb
Indefinite pronouns
Sometimes single, plural, or both. Both: Some Any None All Half Most
Compound subjects
Subject joined by AND.
Takes a plural verb, represents a plural subject
Warning: There, here, which, where
Carefully identify subject
Collective nouns
Singular or plural.
When naming a group, it is a single unit.
When naming a specific part or member of a group, a plural verb
Expressions in amount
Amount is meant as one unit, singular verb.
If amount is considered to be individual parts, plural verb.
Nouns plural in form
Nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning take a singular verb
Irregular verbs
Past, present, past participle.
Past Participle: “have” or “had” in front of the main verb